酯化反应催化剂研究新进展

New advances of the catalysts for esterification

传统的酯化反应催化剂如浓硫酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸虽然具有较高的催化活性,价廉易得,但存在副反应多、对设备腐蚀严重、能耗大、反应废液处理复杂等缺点。因此,寻找可代替传统催化剂的新型酯化催化剂势在必行。介绍了近年来酯化反应中催化剂研究的进展情况,对相转移催化剂、室温离子液体催化剂、无机盐催化剂、树脂类催化剂、分子筛催化剂、杂多酸催化剂、固体超强酸催化剂等不同催化剂的特点进行了总结,比较了各类催化剂使用过程中的优缺点。提出了酯化反应催化剂未来的研究方向,主要在于开发高效环保型绿色催化剂。

Conventionally, concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and p-toluene sulfonic acid are often used as catalysts in the esterification. Although the conventional catalysts have advantages of high catalytic activity, low price and easy to get, their disad- vantages are also obvious such as too much side reactions, serious corrosion, high cost of energy consumption and complex treatment of reaction effluent etc. Therefore, it is imperative to find the new esterification catalysts which can replace the traditional catalysts. The research progress of the catalysts for esterification in recent years is introduced, including the phase transfer catalyst, room temperature ionic liquids, inorganic salt, resin catalyst, molecular sieve, heteropoly acid and solid super acid catalyst. The characteristics of the different catalysts are summarized and the merits and demerits of the catalysts used in the esterification are compared. The future research direction of esterification catalysts is put forward, which is mainly to develop green catalyst with high efficiency and environmental friendly.