近代法制背景下侠义复仇案件的传统运行模式——以侠女施剑翘复仇案为例

Traditional Running Mode of Chivalrous Revenge Case in Background of Modern Rule of Law——In Terms of “Heroic Woman Shi Jianqiao Revenge Case”

侠义复仇乃公权力缺失的产物,随着公权力的逐步确立,理应退出历史舞台。南京国民政府时期发生的侠女施剑翘复仇案,从一审到二审再到三审以至最终的政府特赦,我们不难看出侠义复仇案件之传统运行模式在近代社会再次上演。清末的"礼法之争"并未终结,"情与法"的纠缠仍是近代司法的主题之一。一起看似普通的刑事案件,却向我们展示了影响民国司法的众多因素。一方面,舆论对案件的进程起到了推波助澜的作用,民族危亡之际民众对英雄式人物的迫切需要和对反面人物的极力打压影响了案件的结果。另一方面,如果舆论对案件影响所产生的结果正是当权者所需要的,那么,当权者将会迎合舆论,并通过舆论来传达自己的政治立场。

Revenge case is the product of lack of public power.With the gradual establishment of public power,revenge case should exit from the stage of history.From ＂Heroic Woman Shi Jianqiao Revenge Case＂ which happened in the period of Nanjing National Government,from the first instance to the second instance to the third trial as well as the final government amnesty, it can he seen that ＂Traditional Running Mode＂ of chivalrous revenge case staged in modern society agairu＂The Debate between Propriety and Law＂ in the end of the Qing Dynasty did not end.The raveling of ＂Propriety and Law＂ was still one of the modern judicature themes.A seemingly ordinary criminal ease shows us many factors affecting judicature in Nanjing Government of Republic China.On the one hand, public opinion on the process of the case played a fueling role.People in urgent need of heroic figures and people on the villain strongly suppressed in the occasion of national peril affected the outcome of the case.On the other hand, if the impact of public opinion on the case was the authorities needed, authorities would cater to public opinion and convey their political position through public opinion.