颅内生殖细胞肿瘤的临床诊断现状和进展

Current concepts and progress in the clinical diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors

颅内生殖细胞肿瘤是一种性腺外生殖细胞瘤,主要发生在20岁以下的儿童和青少年。由于该肿瘤临床表现、组织类型、发病部位的多样性,往往需要根据具体情况制订不同的治疗方案,因此早期、准确的临床诊断,可以更早地进行针对性治疗,减少对神经系统的损伤。目前临床诊断主要依靠临床表现、影像学、肿瘤标志物、脑脊液细胞学、手术活检病理等进行诊断,microRNA将在颅内生殖细胞瘤中成为一种新型的肿瘤标志物。本文主要就颅内生殖细胞肿瘤的临床诊断现状和进展进行总结。

Intracranial germ cell tumor is a kind of extragonadal germ cell tumors, mainly occurs in children and teenagers under the age of 20. Due to the diversity of its clinical manifestation, the types of histopathology and the pathogenic site, different treatment regimens are often needed. Therefore, earlier and accurate diagnosis can make targeted treatment earlier, reducing the damage to the central nervous system. The current clinical diagnosis relies mainly on the clinical manifestations, imaging, tumor markers, cerebrospinal fluid cytology and surgical biopsy pathology diagnosis. In addition, microRNA may be potentially valuable biomarkers in the diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors. This article mainly summarizes the current status and the progress of clinical diagnosis of intraeranial germ cell tumors.