转化生长因子对两种人骨肉瘤细胞株侵袭和迁移的影响

Effects of transforming growth factor-beta on migration and invasion of two human osteosarcoma cell lines

目的观察外源性转化生长因子beta(TGF-β)对人骨肉瘤细胞HOS、MG-63细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法 SD208是TGF-β受体抑制剂,可以特异性抑制TGF-β信号通路。本实验所需细胞由广州医科大学实验医学研究中心赠与。用TGF-β与SD208分别和共同处理人骨肉瘤细胞HOS、MG-63,采用划痕实验检测TGF-β对细胞迁移的影响,侵袭实验(Transwell)检测TGF-β对细胞侵袭的影响,实时荧光定量聚合酶链锁反应(qRT-PCR)检测TGF-β与SD208处理细胞后PTHr P(甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白)、解离素19(ADAM19)、白细胞介素-11(IL-11)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)基因的变化,蛋白免疫印迹检测TGF-β与SD208对细胞PTHr P和MMP-2蛋白的作用。TGF-β和SD208处理细胞后各基因、蛋白及侵袭和迁移能力的变化,通过Graphpad Prism 5统计学软件进行统计分析,采用单因素方差分析经行分析,两两比较采用Bonferroni法进行比较。结果 TGF-β刺激骨肉瘤细胞后,细胞侵袭及迁移能力增强,HOS对照组、TGF-β组、SD208组和TGF-β+SD208组24 h侵袭细胞数分别为(73.4±5.2)个、(161.8±8.1)个、(55.3±4.5)个、(68.2±6.1)个,差异有统计学意义(F=6.9,P<0.05);MG63细胞为(19.9±1.5)个、(32.3±2.2)个、(15.7±1.5)个、(17.6±2.5)个,差异有统计学意义(F=7.3,P<0.05)。TGF-β能够明显上调细胞PTHr P、ADAM19、IL-11、VEGF和MMP-2 mRNA的表达,同时PTHr P与MMP-2的蛋白表达明显升高。HOS对照组、TGF-β组、SD208组和TGF-β+SD208组PTHr P蛋白表达量分别为(0.2±0.02)、(0.5±0.07)、(0.2±0.02)、(0.2±0.14)差异有统计学意义(F=4.6,P<0.05)。MMP-2蛋白表达量分别为(0.4±0.03)、(0.8±0.02)、(0.2±0.02)、(0.3±0.02)差异有统计学意义(F=5.1,P<0.05)。结论外源性TGF-β能够增强人骨肉瘤细胞HOS、MG-63细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,其机制可能与升高细胞内PTHr P、ADAM19、IL-11、VEGF和MMP-2有关。

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous transforming growth factor beta （TGF-β） on the migration and invasioncapability of two different human osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and MG-63. Methods SD208 is the inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor , and could inhibit the TGF-β signaling pathway. The cell lines were given by Experimental Medicine Research Center of Guangzhou Medical University. Human osteosarcoma cells HOS and MG-63 were treated with TGF-β and SD208. The influence of migration capability was evaluated by scratch test. The change of invasiveness was observed by Transwellassay. The levels of parathyroid homone related protein （PTHrP） , A disintegrin and metalloproteinase （ADAM19）, interleukin-ll （IL-11）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） mRNA were detected by QRT-PCR. The levels of PTHRP and MMP-2 proteins were detected by western blotting. The changes of gene expressions, protein secretions, cell migration and invasion were analysised using Graphpad Prism 5. The measurement results were evaluated using one-way analyses of variance （one-way ANOVA ）. The data were compared with each using Bonferroni. Results The invasion and migration ability of osteosarcoma cells were enhanced by the stimulation of TGF-β. For HOS cells, the transwell membrane cell numbers of the control group, the TGF- β group, the SD208 group and TGF-β ＋SD208 group were （73.4 ±5.2）, （161.8 ±8.1）, （55.3± 4. 5 ）, （ 68.2 ± 6. 1 ） respectively ; the difference was statistically significant （ F = 6. 9, P 〈 0. 05 ）. For MG63 cell, （ 19.9 ± 1.5 ）, （32. 3± 2. 2） , （ 15.7 ±1.5 ） , （ 17.6 ± 2.5 ） , the difference was statistically significant （F = 7.3, P 〈 0. 05 ）. All the expressions of PTHrP, ADAM19, VEGF, IL-I1 and MMP-2 mRNA significantly increased. Western Blot showed that the levels of PTHrP and MMP-2 obviously rised when those cells were treated with TGF-β. In the HOS cells, the expression levels of PTHrP protein of the control group, TGF-β group, SD208 group and TGF-β ＋ SD208 group were （0. 2 ±0. 02） , （0. 5 ±0. 07） , （0. 2 ± 0. 02）, （0. 2 ± 0. 14） ; the difference was statistically significant （ F = 4. 6, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The expression levels of MMP-2 protein were （ 0.4 ± 0. 03 ） , （ 0. 8 ± 0. 02 ） , （ 0. 2 ± 0. 02 ）, （ 0. 3 ± 0. 02 ） respectively; the difference was statistically significant （ F = 5. 1, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Exogenous TGF-β could increase the ability of migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells HOS and MG-63 ; the underlying mechanism might be associated with the overexpression of PTHrP, ADAM19, IL-11, VEGF and MMP-2.