超越与局限:胡塞尔的“本质直观”透视

Transcendence and Limitation: Perspective on Husserl's “Seeing An Essence”

胡塞尔现象学所探究的真正对象在于"本质"。此种"本质"必须借助于"本质直观"方法才能得以揭示。"本质直观"包含感知和想象,它通过想象对"前像"进行"变更",从而把握到"本质"。它是对意指行为与被意指之物、对陈述意义与实事状态之间一致性的体验;是对真理本身的直接拥有。就认识论史而言,胡塞尔的"本质直观"方法是对康德、笛卡尔认识论方法的继承创新。但其在"直观"或"明见性"的可靠性论证方面存在内在局限性。

The real object to explore in Husserl＇ s phenomenology is ＂essence＂. This kind of ＂essence＂ must be re- vealed by the method of ＂seeing an essence＂. The ＂seeing an essence＂ includes perception and imagination, and it changes the pattern by imagination, and grasps the ＂essence＂. It is the experience of the consistency between the act of meaning and the thing of meaning, or the declarative meaning and the practical condition and is the direct possession of the truth. In the history of epistemology, Husserl＇ s ＂seeing an essence＂ method is the inheritance and innovation of Kant and Descartes＇ s epistemology, but it has inherent limitations in the reliability demonstration of ＂intuition＂ or ＂evidence＂.