火灾环境下邻近油罐的热辐射分布规律模拟

Simulation on distribution laws of heat radiation on the neighboring oil tank in fire environment

油罐火热辐射是导致油罐火灾蔓延的主要因素,为此开展了邻近油罐受热辐射后罐壁热辐射通量分布特点的研究。基于油罐火焰特性和大直径池火灾模型相关研究成果,采用FDS软件建立大直径油罐火灾几何模型,分别模拟3 000 m3、5 000 m3、10 000 m3拱顶汽油罐的燃烧和传热过程,分析油罐燃烧参数的变化,得出L/D(L为油罐间距,D为油罐直径)分别为0.6、1.0、1.5时邻近油罐的热辐射通量分布规律。结果表明:火灾环境下邻近油罐正对着火罐方向罐壁受辐射作用最大,热辐射通量从罐顶至罐底逐渐降低,从中心向两边呈轴对称降低。当L/D相同时,3 000 m3油罐的热辐射通量最大,其次是5 000 m3、10 000 m3的油罐;而当油罐容积相同时,L/D越大,邻近油罐罐壁的热辐射通量越小。将FDS模拟计算得到的热辐射通量与理论计算值进行对比,发现模拟值与理论值相差较小且变化趋势一致。研究结果有助于油罐火灾的预防、控制及扑救,消防规范编制,以及储油罐区的设计。

The heat radiation of oil tank fire is the main factor leading to the spread of fire, so the distribution characteristics of heat radiation flux on the wall of the neighboring tank after the heat radiation was analyzed. In this paper, a geometric model to simulate fire of large-diameter oil tanks was established by FDS software based on the flame characteristics of burning tanks and the research findings of large-diameter pool fire model. Then, the burning and heat transfer processes of dome-roof gasoline tanks with the volume of 3 000 m3, 5 000 m3 and 10 000 m3 were simulated respectively to investignte the change of burning parameters of oil tanks. And consequently the distribution laws of heat radiation flux of neighboring tanks were figured out in the scenarios with L/D of O.6, 1.0 and 1.5 respectively （L for tank spacing and D for tank diameter）. It is shown that in the fire environment, the heat radiation on the wall of neighboring tanks right facing the burning oil tank is the maximum and the heat radiation flux decreases from the top to the bottom of the tank gradually and from the center to both sides symmetrically. When L/D is equal, the heat radiation flux of 3 000 m3 oil tank is the highest, followed by 5 000 m3 and 10 000 m3 oil tanks. When the tank volume is the same, the heat radiation flux on the wall of neighboring tank decreases with the increasing of L/D. Finally, the heat radiation flux calculated from FDS simulation was compared with the theoretically calculated value. And it is indicated that the difference between simulated value and theoretical value is smaller and their variation trend is accordant. The research results are conducive to the prevention, control and remedy of oil tank fire, the establishment of fire control specifications and the design ofoil tank farms. （7 Figures, 7 Tables, 24 References）