水平定向钻管道穿越技术的最新发展

The latest development of HDD pipeline crossing technologies

为了实现更大管径、更长距离的管道穿越,提高我国水平定向钻的穿越施工能力和装备水平,对国内外水平定向钻管道穿越技术的最新发展情况进行分析,总结了近几年国内外大型水平定向钻穿越工程和采用的新工艺、新装备,目前水平定向钻管道穿越技术开始向大型工程、大型钻机和大型钻具的方向发展。研制开发了最大回拖力高达1 500 t的水平定向钻机,壁厚为一般钻杆厚度两倍的厚壁钻杆,杆体直径为244 mm的钻杆,机动灵活的模块化钻机,用于硬岩地层的PDC钻头和PDC扩孔器牙轮等水平定向钻新装备。此外,水平定向钻正向扩孔技术也得到越来越多的应用。这些最新发展对于促进我国水平定向钻施工技术与装备水平的提高和业务发展具有重要的指导意义。

In this paper, the latest development of horizontal directional drilling （HDD） pipeline crossing technologies at home and abroad was analyzed to realize the crossing of pipeline with larger diameter in the longer distance and improve the crossing capacity and equipment level of HDD. The large HDD crossing engineering at home and abroad in recent years and the newly adopted technologies and equipments were summarized. It is proposed that HDD pipeline crossing technologies are currently developing in the direction of large project, large drilling rig and large drilling tools. A series of new HDD equipments are developed, including the HDD rig with the maximum pullback force up to 1 500 t, heavy wall drill pipe whose wall is twice as thick as that of ordinary drill pipe, drill pipe with body diameter of 244 mm, flexible modularized drilling rig, and PDC bit and PDC reamer cone suitable for hard rock beds. And besides, HDD positive reaming technology is also applied more and more. The latest development plays an important guiding role in promoting the improvement of HDD construction technologies ＆ equipments and the development of HDD business in China. （1 Figure, 20 References）