论沿海国岛礁建设的边界、效应及中国的应对

Research on the Boundary and Effect of Island Construction by Coastal Countries and China's Countermeasures

岛礁建设是国际法认可的增加国家领土或扩大国家管辖范围的方式之一,只要行为国遵守相应的国际法规范,岛礁建设便无可指摘。人为建设势必对岛礁的"权利基础"和"划界效力"的认定带来冲击。岛礁建设所依托的海洋地物是判断建设后"权利基础"的重要依据,而岛礁的面积与地理位置则是确定"划界效力"的关键因素。中国在南海的岛礁建设,是在自身管辖海域内依托现有岛礁而实施的人为添附,并未损害其他国家或国际社会的利益,其合法性毋庸置疑。未来在南海岛礁建设过程中,中国一方面应考虑出台官方立场文件阐述岛礁建设缘由,并继续履行相应的国际法义务;另一方面还应充分挖掘和开发岩礁的经济价值,避免落入他国设置的"人工岛屿"陷阱。

Island construction is one of the ways to increase territory or expand the scope of jurisdiction that are recognized by international law. As long as the concerned States a- bide by the relevant rules of international law, island construction cannot be blamed. Artificial construction is bound to influence the ＂basis of right＂ and ＂delimitation effect＂ of islands. The maritime features which island construction relies on are the foundation for judging the ＂basis of right＂, while the size and geographical position of islands are key factors to determine its ＂de- limitation effect＂. The legitimacy of China＇ s island construction in South China Sea is indispu- table, since it is conducted in its own waters and on its own existing islands, and does not jeop- ardize the interests of other states or the international community. In the future, in the process of island construction in South China Sea, China should introduce an official position paper to explain the reasons for island construction and continue to fulfill its corresponding obligations under international law. It is also advisable for China to fully exploit and develop the economic value of the rocks, so as to avoid falling into the ＂artificial island＂ trap set up by other coun- tries.