安阳市青少年吸烟与危害健康行为关系

Prevalence and influencing factors of smoking behavior among adolescents in Anyang city

目的了解河南省安阳市青少年吸烟行为现况及其影响因素,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法2013年10月—2014年2月采用分层整群抽样方法,对河南省安阳市24所监测学校共5 040人进行问卷调查。结果报告曾经吸烟率为27.48%,现在吸烟率为12.38%,低龄吸烟率为10.67%,且3种吸烟行为发生率均男生>女生、城市>农村(均P<0.05)。曾经吸烟率随着年级的增长而增长;而低龄吸烟、现在吸烟和经常吸烟高中阶段明显高于初中和大学(P<0.01)。青少年吸烟行为logistic回归分析显示,安阳市城、乡学生吸烟行为的共同危险因素为饮酒(OR=4.216、6.434)、打架(OR=2.549、2.483)、孤独(OR=1.957、1.429),城市学生危险因素还包括受欺侮(OR=1.546),农村学生包括骑车违规(OR=1.319)、绝望(OR=1.429)和自杀意念(OR=1.436);保护因素城市学生为采取减肥措施、体育活动以及学习压力大,农村学生为采取减肥措施、体育活动1~2 d/周和有时学习压力大。结论安阳市青少年吸烟率较高并与危害健康行为发生有关;家庭、学校和社会应行动起来,共同采取综合干预措施,预防和减少青少年吸烟行为的发生。

Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of smoking behavior among adolescents in Anyang city of Henan province and to provide a basis for smoking prevention and intervention. Methods Totally 5 040 students were recruited from 24 high and vocational schools and universities in Anyang municipality with multistage stratified cluster sampling and surveyed with ＂Questionnaire on Health Related Behaviors for Adolescents in China＂ designed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention from October 2013 to February 2014. Results The self-reported rate of ever-smoking, current smoking, and smoking at younger age （ ≤ 13 years） were 27.48%, 12. 38%, and 10. 67% among the students,respectively;all the rates were higher among the boy students than among the gift students and higher among the students in urban areas than those in rural areas （ P 〈 0. 05 for all）. The ever-smoking rate increased with the increment of grade; the senior high school students reported higher rates of ever-smoking, current smoking, frequent smoking than the junior high school and university students （P 〈 0. 01 for all）. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for smoking behavior among urban and rural students were alcohol drinking （odds ratios for the urban and rural students ：4. 216,6. 434）, fighting with others （2. 549,2. 483 ）, and feeling lonely （ 1. 957,1. 429） ; other risk factors included having ever been bullied （ odds ratio ： 1. 546） among the urban students and violating traffic rules when riding a bicycle （1.319）, hopelessness （1.429）, and suicidal ideation （1. 436）among the rural students. Taking measures to lose weight, physical activity and study stress were hindering factors for smoking behavior among both the urban and rural students. Conclusion Comprehensive measures should be taken in families,schools, and the society to control smoking among adolescent students.