基于药品标准的藏药制剂品种、主治和用药特点研究

Study on Varieties,Indications and Usage Features of Tibetan Medicine Preparations Based on Drug Standards

目的:研究藏药制剂的品种、主治和用药特点,为藏医临床用药和新药研发提供参考。方法:收集法定药品标准中藏药制剂,统计制剂的品种特点(制剂规模、批准文号与生产企业、制剂名称、剂型和药味数)、主治特点(主治病名、临床应用)及药物特点(类别与数量、药用部位、常用药与使用频率、"三果"的使用特征)等。结果:共纳入458种制剂,其中18种收载于2015年版《中国药典》(一部),200种收载于1995年版《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准》(藏药),240种收载于第一版《藏药标准》(六省区);129种制剂共计获得430个批准文号,由52家药企生产;制剂命名多采用"药味数+主药+剂型""主药+剂型""主治+剂型"等形式;剂型有散剂、丸剂、膏剂、油剂、糖浆剂、酒剂等;药味数为(13.81±13.28)味。藏药制剂临床常用于治疗消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、循环系统疾病、传染病和寄生虫病等。藏药制剂共使用442味药物,其中植物药297味、动物药70味、矿物药47味、其他28味;常见药用部位依次为种子或果实、根或根茎、全草、花、茎、地上部分、块茎或鳞茎等。用药频率排前10位的药物依次为诃子、红花、木香、豆蔻、余甘子、荜茇、藏木香、石榴、麝香、鸭嘴花等;19%的制剂含有三果(诃子、余甘子、毛诃子)。结论:藏药制剂的品种丰富、药味数适中、固体制剂较多、临床应用广泛、植物药占多数、常用"三果",但有国药准字号的制剂较少。

OBJECTIVE： To study varieties, indications and usage features of Tibetan medicine preparations, and provide refer- ence for the clinical treatment and new drug development for Tibetan medicine. METHODS： Tibetan medicine preparations in offi- cial standards were collected, variety features （formula scale, license number, pharmaceutical enterprise, name and dosage form, herbal medicine number）, action features （indication name, clinical application） and medicine features （category and quantity, me- dicinal part, commonly used drug, frequency, ＂three fruits＂ use feature） were summarized. RESULTS： Totally 458 preparations were included, including 18 recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part 1, 2015 edition）, 200 recorded in Pharmaceutical Stan- dards of the Ministry of Health of China （Tibetan medicine, 1995 edition）, 240 recorded in T^betan Medicine Standards （six prov- inces）. 129 had obtained 430 license numbers, from 52 pharmaceutical companies; the prearations were mainly named by ＂herbal medicine＋principal medicine＋dosage form principal medicine＋dosage form＂ and ＂indication＋dosage form＂. Dosage forms had powder, pill, cream, oil, syrup and wine; the number of herbal medicine was （13.81 ± 13.28）. The Tibetan preparations were com- monly used in the clinical treatment of diseases of the digestive system, respiratory system, genitourinary system, circulatory sys- tem, infectious and parasitic diseases, etc. 442 medicines had been used, including 297 herbal medicines, 70 animal medicines, 47 mineral medicines and other 28 medicines. The common medicinal parts were seed or fruit, root or rhizome, whole grass, flow- er, stem, over-ground part, tuber or bulb, etc. The top 10 frequency of medicines were as follows as Terminalia chebula, Cartha- mus tinctorius, Aucklandia lappa, Amomum kravanh, Phyllanthus emblica, Piper longum, lnula racemosa, Punica granatum, Moschus berezovskii, Adhatoda vasica; and 19% preparations contained three fruits （T. chebula, P emblica, Terminalia bellirica）. CONCLUSIONS： Tibetan medicine preparations have rich varieties, reasonable herbal medicines, more solid preparations, widely clinic application, contain more herbal drugs and commonly use ＂three fruits＂, while fewer preparations have obtained license number.