右美托咪啶在重症监护病房中的应用

Use of dexmedetomidine in the intensive care unit

重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)为达到镇静镇痛效果有多种药物可供选择,包括丙泊酚、苯二氮类等镇静药物、以阿片类为代表的镇痛药物及其他抗精神病相关药物等。目前ICU镇静治疗的目标多为浅镇静状态,即使患者处于合作睡眠状态,而右美托咪啶是需要浅镇静患者的优质选择之一。右美托咪啶是一个有效的、高选择性的α-2受体激动剂,常见的不良反应包括心动过缓及低血压,这种不良反应的产生常与剂量过大及负荷量的使用相关。本文检索最新国内外文献,对右美托咪啶在成人ICU患者的疼痛、躁动及谵妄管理中的作用进行综述。

Sedation and analgesia, which are universally used in intensive care unit （ICU）, provide patients with comfort and safety. The current medications used in ICU include propofol, benzodiazepines, opioids, and other sedative sedatives. The current trends aim at light sedation. Dexmedetomidine is an effective and highly selective alpha-2 agonist. The most common adverse effects with dexmedetomidine were bradycardia and hypotension, which are associated with rapid dosage adjustment and administration of loading dose. This article reviews the newest evidence available for dexmedetomidine used for sedation and analgesia in ICU.