基于MaxEnt模型的黄河三角洲滨海湿地优势植物群落潜在分布模拟

Predicting the potential distribution of dominant species of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta,China using MaxEnt model

采用千米网格的方法,对黄河三角洲滨海湿地进行土壤采样和植被群落调查,利用MaxEnt模型和GIS空间分析技术,模拟该地区优势物种的潜在分布,定量分析优势物种的主导环境影响因子及其生态位参数.结果表明:黄河三角洲滨海湿地的优势物种为柽柳、芦苇和盐地碱蓬.影响柽柳、芦苇和盐地碱蓬潜在分布的主导环境因子分别为硝态氮、盐分、坡度、镁、海拔和铵态氮,硝态氮、盐分、全磷、pH、海拔和铵态氮,硝态氮、盐分和铵态氮.黄河三角洲滨海湿地优势物种的存在概率与盐分呈正相关,与其他主导环境影响因子呈负相关.黄河三角洲滨海湿地优势物种的潜在核心适生区主要分布在滨海地区,芦苇的分布范围较柽柳和盐地碱蓬更广泛.

Soil and vegetation community were investigated using the method of kilometer grid sam- piing. In addition, using the maximum entropy （MaxEnt） and the GIS spatial analysis technique, the potential distribution of dominant species in the Yellow River Delta and their major environmen- tal variables and ecological parameters were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the dominant species of the coastal wetland were Tarnarix chinensis, Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Yellow River Delta. Among the environmental variables, six variables were significant contributors to the potential distribution model of T. chinensis： NO3--N, salt, slope, Mg, altitude and NH4＋-N. The environmental variables influencing the distribution of P. australis were NO3--N, salt, TP, pH, altitude and NH4＋-N. NO3--N, salt and NH4＋-N were the significant factors determi- ning the potential distribution of S. salsa. The probability of presence of dominant species of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta was positively correlated with salt, but it was negatively correlated with the other major environmental variables. The model predicted that the core potential distribution of dominant species in the Yellow River Delta was mainly in the coastal areas. In addi- tion, P. australis had a wider range of distribution, compared with T. chinensis and S. salsa.