日光温室冬季增施CO_2对切花红掌光合作用及生长发育的影响

Effects of CO_2 fertilization on photosynthesis and growth of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse in winter

针对切花红掌日光温室冬季生产时CO_2亏缺严重的现象,以不增施CO_2为对照,研究了增施700、1000、1300μmol·mol^(-1)浓度CO_2对切花红掌‘火焰’光合特性和生长发育的影响.结果表明:增施60 d CO_2,红掌叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度和水分利用效率均显著提高,且以1000μmol·mol^(-1)处理的增幅最大;而气孔导度则较对照显著下降.增施CO_2后,红掌叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均较对照显著增加,佛焰苞大小、色泽、花茎长度等切花品质参数,以及叶片发育质量参数和花茎生长速率均有不同程度的提高,且均以1000μmol·mol^(-1)浓度最佳.增施1000μmol·mol^(-1)的CO_2可以有效促进日光温室切花红掌的冬季生产.

Aiming at the problem of the acute shortage of CO2 in winter production ot cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse, the effect of CO2 fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and growth performance of A. andraeanum ＇ Fire＇ was investigated. Three treatments with different con- centrations of CO2 were designed, i.e., 700, 1000 and 1300 μmol ·mol1-1, with receiving no extra CO2 as the control. The results showed that for the COS-fertilized plants, the photosynthetic rate, in- tercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency were significantly greater than those in the control plants after CO2 fertilization for 60 days, and the largest increase range was observed in the 1000 μmol· mol-1 COS treatment, whereas the stomata conductance was significantly reduced com- pared with the control. Meanwhile, the contents of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein in CO2- fertilized plants were significantly higher than those in control plants. Moreover, the quality of cut flowers with COS fertilization was remarkably superior to control flowers in term of the parameters in- cluding spathe size, spathe color, peduncle length, leaf growth performance and peduncle growth rate. The most superior improvement was observed in the 1000 μmol · mol-1 CO2 treatment. It was therefore concluded that CO2 fertilization of 1000 μmol · mol-1 could effectively improve the winter production of cut A. andraeanum in solar greenhouse.