劳伦斯·韦努蒂的种族中心主义式的异化归化论

A Comment on Lawrence Venuti's Domestication and Foreignization Theory Based on Ethnocentrism

面对外界的"误解"和批评,韦努蒂最终把异化归化论简约为对外语文本和文化的伦理态度。本文重点论证了把归化异化和种族中心主义捆绑起来的荒谬性。而种族中心主义是一种文化伦理态度。仅有种族中心主义式的伦理态度而无实际的强势地位,是无法实现文化殖民的。同样,仅有伦理态度也并不必然构成完整的归化或异化翻译。只有高势能语言在高权力势能操纵下进行的征服性翻译才是归化翻译,同样,也只有低势能语言对高权力势能的抵抗性翻译才是异化翻译,即,双高文化(高权力势能、高文化势能)对双低文化(低权力势能、低文化势能)的征服性翻译为归化翻译,而双低文化对双高文化的抵抗性翻译则为异化翻译,除此之外,均不是种族中心主义伦理态度模式下的归化、异化翻译。

Faced with the ＂misunderstandings＂ and criticisms, Lawrence Venuti reduces domestication and foreignization to the ethical attitudes towards foreign texts and cultures. Taking his self-defense as a clue, this present paper analyzes the paradoxes of Venuti＇s theory of domestication and foreignization, focusing on the fantasticality of connecting ethnocentrism domestication and forcignization. Ethnocentrism is an ethical attitude, which alone, without dominant status, cannot bring about cultural colonization. Accordingly, ethical attitudes cannot necessarily lead to domesticating or foreignizing translations. In terms of ethnocentrism, only the conquering translation manipulated by cultures of higher cultural and power potential energy can be called domestication, and in contrast, only the translation resisting the conquest of cultures of higher cultural and power potential energy can be called foreignization. That is to say, as far as translation is concerned, only double ＂highs＂ （higher cultural and power potential energy） conquering double ＂lows＂ （lower cultural and power potential energy） is called domestication, and only double ＂lows＂ resisting double ＂highs＂ is called foreignization.