企业科研众包模式选择的影响因素与对策

选择正确的科研众包模式对科技型企业众包目标的顺利实现具有重要意义。本文在将科研众包划分为第三方平台众包、自建平台众包、内包3种模式的基础上,从资源基础理论、交易成本理论两维度分析得出影响模式选择的10个因素,然后以宝洁、海尔为例,验证了这些影响因素,研究得出:影响交易成本的各因素、与接包方之间沟通的流畅性和接包方对问题的敏感度,分别是以上3种模式选择的核心影响因素。因此,科技型企业在选择科研众包模式时,应综合考虑各影响因素,政府需引导和鼓励建立更多的第三方众包平台,第三方众包平台则应增加平台资源,从而为接发包双方建立有效的沟通渠道。

Choosing the right model of science sourcing is of great significance to the realization of the goal of science and technology enterprises. Firstly, this paper divides science sourcing into 3 models, which are third-party platform crowdsourcing, self- built platform crowdsourcing and internal crowdsourcing; secondly, a total of 10 factors are identified based on resource- based theory and transaction cost theory. Then we show the reliability of the influence factors and identify core factors by means of two examples. The factors that are associated with transaction cost are core factors of third-party platform crowd- sourcing. Having good communication with crowd and the factors that are associated with transaction cost are core factors of self-built platform crowdsourcing. Sensitivity of crowd to the questions is core factor of internal crowdsourcing. Finally, we give some suggestions： the scientific and technological enterprises should take into account various factors to make a choice on the model of science sourcing; the government should guide and encourage the establishment of more third-party crowdsourcing platforms; third-party crowdsourcing platforms should increase the resources on the platform and establish more effective communication channels.