全国省市两级血站献血点设置现状与思考

Analysis of status quo and thinking of blood donation sessions in blood collection Services on provincial and city levels in China

目的了解我国献血点建设现状。方法设计专门的调查表对全国省市两级血站献血点设置、分布及献血设施设置情况进行调查。结果至2014年底,全国总计拥有献血设施2617个,3年间增幅达到了16.3%。献血设施仍以献血车为主(占比53.4%)。与2011年相比,献血车总量有所减少,但献血房车和献血屋的数量却大幅提升,尤以献血房车的增量最为可观(占比由2011年9.42%增至2014年的20.1%)。血液中心平均拥有献血设施17个,中心血站平均拥有6.5个。江苏省是拥有献血设施最多的省份。献血设施的数量与供血量成正比。各种献血设施的配比有明显的地域特点。至2014年底,全国各级血站设置的献血点达到7 808个。血液中心平均设置的献血点数远多于中心血站(分别为32.8个和21.3个),血液中心设置的固定献血点数也远多于中心血站(分别为11.4个和5.5个)。血液中心献血点分布以市内为主(占58.7%),郊县为辅,中心血站献血点的设置以郊县为主(59.3%),市内为辅。同种献血设施之间的面积差异非常显著。结论献血点的设置直接影响无偿献血事业的发展。3年间,全国血站献血设施增幅显著,献血点建设得到了迅猛发展,全国无偿献血网络已初步形成,但献血屋的规划和设置仍有较大阻力,献血点的建设仍有较大缺口。

Objective To understand the status quo of blood donation sessions in blood collection services at provincial and city levels in China. Methods A questionnaire was designed specifically to distribute countrywide to all blood collection services at provincial and city levels. Results At the end of 2014, there were 2 617 blood donation facilities all over the country. The growth rate reached 16. 3% during the past 3 years. Mobile blood donation vans were still the main facilities （53.4%）. Compared with 2011, there had been a decrease in the number of mobile blood donation vans, but the number of blood donation mobile homes and blood donation houses had increased substantially. Especially the number of blood donation mobile homes experienced a significant increase （from 9.42% in 2011 to 20. 1% in 2014）. The blood centers had an average of 17 blood donation facilities, but the central banks had an average of 6. 5. Shanghai Blood Center had the most blood donation facilities, so did Jiangsu province. The number of blood donation facilities was proportional to the blood-supply quantity. The proportion of different kind of blood donation facilities had obvious regional characteristics. At the end of 2014, there had been 7808 blood donation sessions all over the country. Blood centers had far more blood donation sessions than blood banks （32. 8 and 21.3, respectively） , and also had far more fixed sessions than blood banks （ 11.4 and 5.5, respectively）. The distribution of blood donation sessions in blood centers gave priority to cities （ 58.7% ） , and then suburban counties. However, blood banks gave priority to suburban counties, followed by cities （ 59.3% ）. There was a very significant difference between the same kinds of blood donation facilities. Conclusion The situation on blood donation sessions directly influences the development of blood donation. During the past 3 years, blood donation facilities have increased significantly all over the country. Blood donation sessions have experienced a rapid development. The national network of blood donation has been initially formed. However, the establishment of blood donation houses still meets large resistance. The construction of the blood donation sessions still has a big gap for improvement.