社区共管:公众环境权与居民生存权的权衡

The Co-Management:Balance Public's Environment Power and Residents' Right to Survival

传统的自然保护区管理模式通过对保护区居民采伐、捕猎等行为的禁止及活动空间的限制,实现对自然保护区的管控。实践证明,这种管控机制在维护公众环境权的同时,也损害了保护区社区居民的生存权,使得保护区管理机构与社区居民的紧张关系不断升级。社区共管则兼顾公众的环境权和居民的生存权,一方面通过吸收保护区社区居民参与保护管理,提高管理效能,以保证自然保护区环境生态功能的实现;另一方面通过开发保护区资源,改善保护区的民生,以满足保护区社区居民生存权的需求,从而缓和保护区管理机构与社区居民的紧张关系。社区共管优势明显,势必将成为自然保护区管理模式发展的方向。

The traditional management mode of natural conservation area realized the control of natural conservation area byway of banning cutting, catching and hunting and other behaviors and limiting the space of movement. Practice shows thatthis mechanism of management protected the public environmental right, but at the same time it damaged the residents＇ livingrights in the natural conservation area. It made the relation between the management organization and the residents nervous.The community co-management realizes both the public environmental right and the resident＇s living rights. On the one hand, itenhances the efficiency of management by way of absorbing residents in the natural conservation area to take part in the activityof management; on the other hand, it explores the resource in natural conservation area to improve the people＇s livelihood, so asto satisfy the demand of the resident＇s living right and mitigate the tense relation between the management organization and theresidents. The advantages of the community co-management are evident, and it will become the leading mode of management inthe natural conservation area.