竹笋地土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险及食用笋健康风险评价

Assessment of heavy metals potential ecological hazards of soil and health risk of bamboo shoots

为研究竹笋地土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险及竹笋可食部分重金属健康风险,采用石墨炉原子吸收法、原子荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了浙江省和江西省8个竹笋生产基地的土壤和竹笋中5种重金属(Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Cu)含量。结果显示:生产基地土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Cu平均含量分别为35.5、47.5、0.22、8.5、25.5 mg·kg^(-1),其中Pb和Cd含量最高分别达到54.2、0.58 mg·kg^(-1),超出食用林产品产地环境通用要求(LY/T 1678—2014)的限值;竹笋中重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Cu含量范围分别为6.0~39.7、9.0~105.4、0.70~19.9、1.4~4.6、322.0~1 648.9μg·kg^(-1),均未超出标准森林食品质量安全通则(LY/T 1777—2008)和食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量(GB 2762—2012)的限值。竹笋生产基地土壤中5种重金属的综合潜在生态危害程度(RI)较低,虽然江西省花桥镇和绕二镇Cd单项潜在生态危害系数(Ei)处于中等潜在生态危害程度,但竹笋可食部分对重金属积累较少,通过竹笋摄入5种重金属健康危害指数(Hazard Index,HI)低于USEPA推荐的最大可接受水平,不会对暴露人群健康造成危害。

To investigate the potential ecological hazards of soil and the health risk of bamboo shoots consumption, the contents of five kinds of heavy metals（Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Cu）in moso bamboo shoots and soil collected from eight producing areas in Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry. The result showed that average contents of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Cu in soil were 35.5, 47.5, 0.22, 8.5 mg·kg^-1, and 25.5 mg·kg^-1, re-spectively. The highest content of Cd and Pb reached 54.2 mg·kg^-1 and 0.58 mg·kg^-1, which exceeded the limit value of LY/T 1678-2014. The content of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Cu in all bamboo shoots were within the ranges of 6.0~39.7, 9.0~105.4, 0.70~19.9, 1.4~4.6μg·kg^-1 and 322.0~1648.9μg·kg^-1 respectively, which were lower than the threshold values of LY/T 1777-2008 and GB 2762-2012. The individual potential ecological risk index of Cd was in the medium level of the risk, while the comprehensive potential ecological risk index of five kinds of heavy metals was in low level. The accumulation rate of all five kinds of heavy metals in edible part of bamboo shoots was in low level. The hazard index（HI）of five kinds of heavy metals through consumption of bamboo shoots ranged from 0.059 to 0.57, which were lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by USEPA. Therefore, the intake of moso bamboo shoots would not bring risks to residents.