长江经济带茶叶生产空间格局演变

Spatial Characteristics of Tea Production in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

运用空间重心统计模型,对长江经济带茶区近30年茶叶生产空间演变格局进行分析并探讨其驱动力。研究表明:(1)1984—2014年间,长江经济带茶园面积、茶叶产量保持稳定增长的态势,但二者占全国份额呈逐渐减少趋势,茶园面积由1984年的占全国份额的77%下降到2014年的75%;茶叶产量由1984年占全国份额的82%下降到2014年的70%。(2)近30年来长江经济带茶叶生产地域空间格局变动大、地域分异明显。东部浙江、中部湖南等传统产茶大省对区域茶叶生产贡献逐渐减少,长江经济带茶叶生产业已形成东部浙江省,中部湖北省与西部云南、贵州、四川等5省为主导的地域分工格局。(3)30年来长江经济带茶区茶叶生产重心西移明显,并呈继续向西南方向移动的趋势。(4)长江经济带西部宜茶的自然禀赋为茶产业西移奠定了良好的基础,新技术及茶园标准化管理水平的提升对茶叶产量增长具有显著的推动作用。此外,国家茶产业扶持政策也为茶产业标准化、规模化、基地化进程提供了有力保障,西部地区相对较低的人力与土地成本客观上也推动了茶产业的西移。

Based on the 1984-2014 tea production data, combined with the GIS technology and gravity center model, from tea plantation area and tea output, we analyzed the spatial evolution pattern of tea production in the economic belt of the Yangtze Rive. Results show that in the past 30 years, the Yangtze River economic belt tea garden area, tea production has maintained steady growth trend, but both share of domestic showed a trend of slow decrease. Tea production regional spatial pattern changes are obvious in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The formation of Eastern Zhejiang Province, central Hubei Province, Western Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan Province dominated the pattern of regional division of labor. Over the last 30 years, the baryeenter of tea production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has moved westward evidently, and has a tendency to continue to move toward the southwest. The favorable natural endowments in western region lay a good foundation for the westward movement of the tea industry. The improvement in the standardized tea plantation management level have a significant promoting impact on the increase in tea production. In addition, the industry-supporting policies implemented by the central government also ensure processes of industrial standardization, normalization and base construction. The relatively low labor/land costs in western region objectively entice the tea industry to move westward.