日本长寿企业的特征与可持续经营模式

Characteristics and sustainable management Model of Japan Longevity Enterprises

利用文献分析和案例分析的方法,分析日本长寿企业的外部结构特征和内部优势表现,探讨日本长寿企业的可持续经营模式,阐明长寿的条件和原因。从结果看,日本长寿企业数量众多,生存时间多为100年至200年,其行业集中度高,业务领域分散,企业规模多为中小企业,支配形态以家族企业居多,并具有经常性收益和自有资本比率上的财务优势特征。其主要优势表现有信用、传统、知名度、根植性和高度信赖等,这些优势来源于经营理念和主营业务上的坚持以及生产方法、市场销售、产品和服务等方面顺变的经营策略,而维持这样的经营原则是直接作用于企业经营行为中的长期生存因素所决定的。日本长寿企业具有三组因素群,包括时间可持续因素、组织可持续因素和市场可持续因素,这些因素群的结合,决定长寿企业的模式,成为其可持续经营的关键。

By means of literature analysis and case analysis, this paper analyzes the external structure and inter- nal advantages of Japan longevity enterprises, discusses their sustainable management mode, and explains the condi- tions and causes of their longevity. The results show that Japan longevity enterprises are large in number with a sur- vival time of 100 to 200 years, a high degree of industry concentration and scattered business areas ; these enterprises are mostly of small and medium size and their dominated form is mostly family firms with recurring income and finan- cial advantage in private capital ratio. Their main advantages are reflected by credit, tradition, popularity, embed- dedness and high trust degree, and these advantages come from their business philosophy, main business adherence and their variable business strategies in production methods, market sales, products and services. Maintaining such business principles is determined by the long-term survival factors which act directly on business behaviors. Japan longevity enterprises possess three groups of factors, including time sustainability factor, organizational sustainability factor and market sustainability factor, which combine to determine the mode of longevity enterprises and become the key to their sustainable management.