“技术垄断”之思之道路:波兹曼和海德格尔

Thinking on the road of “Technology Monopoly”:Postman and Heidegger

美国著名媒介环境学家尼尔·波兹曼提出的"技术垄断"时代的论点,得出了文化在向技术投降,并沦为技术的奴仆的结论。他通过阐释"技术垄断"提出的背景及其含义,得出了人类文化历史进程可划分成工具使用文化、技术统治文化、技术垄断文化三个时期的结论。当今世界正在向技术垄断文化的方向发展,人类历史的传统符号、经典文化受到了越来越多的挑战,因此波兹曼的媒介批判之路与哲学家海德格尔在《技术的追问》中的哲学思考就成了抵挡这股洪流的人类自我救赎之法门。只有永远地批判、警醒技术可能带来的危害,永远地追问技术的本质,人类才可以保持精神的独立与自由。

Neil Postman, a famous American media ecologist who put forward the thesis of ＂Technology Monopoly＂, pointed out that the culture is going to yield to technology so that everything will fall as its servant. Firstly, the author explained the background and meaning of Postman＇s ＂Technology＂. According to the development of media technology, Postman divided the history of culture into three periods： the period of tool-use culture, the period of technical domination culture and the period of technical monopoly culture. The world today is transforming to the third period. It is increasingly clear that the traditional symbols in history and the classical culture are in danger. However, it is Postman＇s path of media criticism and Heidegger＇s philosophy in Questions on Technology are the ways of human self-salvation to prevent this torrent. Only to criticize and notice the harm which the technology might cause and ask the nature of technology at all times can keep the human spirit independent and free.