2010—2012年中国农村孕妇贫血及维生素A、维生素D营养状况

The anemia and vitamin A,vitamin D nutritional status of Chinese rural pregnant women in 2010-2012

目的分析2010—2012年中国农村孕妇血红蛋白水平、维生素A和维生素D水平,评价该人群贫血患病率的变化,并评估其维生素A和维生素D的营养状况。方法数据来自2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。调查对象为我国45个普通农村和30个贫困农村的孕妇。采用氰化高铁法检测1763例孕妇血红蛋白的浓度;采用高效液相色谱法检测601例血清视黄醇的水平;采用酶联免疫法测定979例25-羟基维生素D水平。计算血红蛋白水平及贫血患病率;维生素A水平及缺乏率和边缘缺乏率;维生素D水平及严重缺乏率、缺乏率和不足率。结果2010—2012年中国农村孕妇血红蛋白水平为123.60(113.80~133.50)g/L,普通农村[123.10(114.00~132.20)g/L]显著低于贫困农村[125.40(113.30~136.80)g/L](P=0.020)。中国农村孕妇贫血率为17.58%,贫困农村(20.19%)显著高于普通农村(16.10%)(P=0.029)。农村孕妇维生素A水平为1.53(1.18~1.98)μmol/L,维生素A缺乏率为3.49%,边缘缺乏率为12.81%。农村孕妇维生素D水平为15.55(11.94~19.90)ng/m L,维生素D缺乏严重,维生素D缺乏率(包括缺乏与严重缺乏)高达75.38%,普通农村缺乏率(65.36%)显著低于贫困农村(87.42%)(P<0.001)。结论 2010—2012年中国农村孕妇贫血患病率较10年前有所改善,但仍高于其他人群。孕妇普遍存在较为严重的维生素D缺乏,同时存在一定比例的维生素A边缘缺乏。

Objective By analyzing the levels of hemoglobin, vitamin A and vitamin D in Chinese rural pregnant women during 2010 - 2012, the changes of the prevalence of anemia were evaluated, and the nutritional status of vitamin A and vitamin D were evaluated. Methods All the data in this study came from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010 -2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, pregnant women from 45 ordinary rural areas and 30 poor rural areas were included in this study. 1 763 cases of blood hemoglobin concentration were determined by cyanmethemoglobin method. 601 cases of retinol level were determined by high performance liquid chromatography method. 979 cases of 25- hydroxy vitamin D level were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The level of blood hemoglobin and the prevalence of anemia, the level of vitamin A and the prevalence of VAD, the level of vitamin D and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were analyzed. Results In 2010 -2012, the level of blood hemoglobin of Chinese city pregnant women was 123.60（ 113.80 -133.50） g/L, 123. 10（ 114.00 -132.20） g/L for ordinary rural area and 125.40（ 113.30 -136.80）g/L for poor rural area. The level of blood hemoglobin of ordinary rural area was statistically higher than that of poor rural area （P = 0. 020）. The anemia prevalence of Chinese rural pregnant women was 17.58% , 16.10% for ordinary rural area and 20. 19% for poor rural area. Statistically difference was found between different areas （P = 0. 029）. The level of vitamin A of Chinese rural pregnant women was 1.53 （ 1. 18 - 1.98） μmol/L. The prevalence of VAD of Chinese county pregnant women was 3.49% , the marginal deficiency rate was 12.81%. The level of vitamin D of Chinese city pregnant women was 15.55 （ 11.94 - 19.90） ng/mL. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of Chinese rural pregnant women was up to 75.38% , 65.36% for ordinary rural area and 87.42% for poor rural area. Significant difference was observed in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between ordinary and poor rural areas （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in Chinese rural pregnant women improve from 2002 to 2012, but still higher than other populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is generally more serious, while there is a certain percentage of vitamin A marginal deficiency.