农民工市民化的共时性研究:理论模式、实践经验与政策思考

A Synchronic Study of the Citizenization Process of Migrant Workers: Theory, Practice and Policy

本文运用马克思的人性思想对农民工市民化进行了共时性研究。分析发现:农民工市民化是农民工在城乡二元结构下,利用经济现代化的动力,根据国家政策,与城市相互交换,实现发展,由农民变成市民的;它受到了农民工的市民化意愿和能力、城市的市民化需求及容量的约束,在理论上具有平衡、主观、自利三种基本模式;实践中的农民工市民化,在整体上由于城市长期自私自利处于非均衡格局,造成了人的城市化滞后于地的城市化的不利后果。在研究结论的基础上,本文提出需要针对性采取推进城乡一体化、突出农民工发展主题、探索平衡的市民化模式、创新市民化容量问题解决方案及遵循有规划的渐进主义原则等措施。

This article uses Marx＇s idea on human nature to carry out a synchronic study of the citizenization process of migrant workers. It finds that this is a process of rural-urban labour migration driven by economic modernization under the urban-rural dualistic spatial classification, characterized by migrant workers＇ self-development in the process of social interaction in urban neighborhoods. This process is shown to be confined by migrant workers＇ willingness and capabilities, as well as the demand and capacity constraints fi＇om the urban areas, classified into three basic modes, namely, an equilibrium one, a subjectivity one and a self-interest one. In practice, the process of cifizenization is not concomitant with the process of urbanization, owing to the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas. The study proposes a number of measures to achieve urban-mini integration, promote the development of migrant workers, and consider a balanced approach of citizenization in a steady, gradual way.