长白山木本植物性别系统及其生态关联性

Sexual system and ecological links of woody plants in Changbai Mountains,northeastern China

植物性别系统影响生态系统组成及种群进化,同时受多种生态因子影响。为了分析长白山木本植物性别系统分布及其生态关联性,本文调查了长白山不同海拔木本植物206种,对其花部特征、果实类型、生活型、传粉特征进行了详细观察与记录。运用卡方检验和多元Logistic回归的方法分析了上述特征与植物性别系统之间的关联性,对比了长白山与其他植物群落木本植物的性别系统的组成,探讨了影响木本植物性别系统组成的因素及其繁殖策略。研究结果表明,长白山木本植物性别系统中51.9%为雌雄同体、18.5%为雌雄同株、29.6%为雌雄异株,随着海拔高度的增加,雌雄同株和雌雄异株的比例增大,雌雄同体植物比例明显高于北美洲温带森林;灌木与雌雄同体植物显著相关,乔木与雌雄同株和雌雄异株植物显著相关;白色大型单花、两侧对称、虫媒传粉、肉果等特征与雌雄同体显著相关,黄绿色小花组成的花序、辐射对称、风媒或泛化传粉方式、干果等特征与雌雄同株与雌雄异株显著相关。长白山木本植物繁育系统组成与植物种系发生有关,又体现了与昆虫多样性变化的协同进化关系。

Plant sexual system affects ecosystem composition and population evolution, and also it is affected by multiple ecological factors. In order to analyze the correlations between the sexual system distribution and the ecology of woody plants in Changbai Mountain of northeastern China, 206 species of woody plants at different altitudes in Changbai Mountain were investigated, and their floral characteristics, fruit type, life-form and pollination characteristics were observed and recorded in detail. Correlations between the above characteristics and the plant sexual system were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. The sexual system composition of the woody plants and other plant communities in Changbai Mountain were compared. Factors affecting the sexual system composition and reproduction strategies of the woody plants were also investigated. The results showed that the sexual system of woody plants in Changbai Mountain was composed of hermaphrodite plants （51.9%）, monoecious plants （ 18.5% ） and dioecious plants （29.6%）. With the increase of altitude, the proportion of monoecious plants and dioecious plants increased, and the proportion of hermaphrodites was higher than temperate forests in North America. Hermaphrodite was strongly associated with shrubs, showing floral display, white flowers, zygomorphic, specialist entomophily and fleshy fruits. Monoecious and dioecious were strongly associated with trees, inflorescence, yellow-green, actinomorphic, generalist entomophily and anemophily and dry fruits. In conclusion, the sexual system of woody plants on Changbai Mountains is connected with phylogeny, and shows the coevolutionary relationship with insect diversity.