道路干扰指数在森林景观保护中的应用研究

Application of road disturbance index in forest landscape protection

道路的不断扩张对所在区域周边景观的干扰效应日趋明显。在森林功能区划时,需要充分考虑道路的干扰因素以避免造成不必要的景观破碎化风险。本研究从景观层面切入,在对研究区道路系统进行属性分级后,利用空间道路干扰指数作为定量化手段评价道路对森林景观的潜在影响;以北京市十三陵林场的森林经理调查数据为主要数据源,对该指数进行测试应用并探讨十三陵风景区潜在道路干扰的空间分布。结果表明:本研究所使用的道路干扰指数能够反映研究区内的道路干扰情况,针叶林地区受潜在干扰威胁最为严重(归一化指数平均值为41.87);主要优势树种白皮松受潜在干扰威胁最大(65.92),需要重点监测;进行Spearman秩相关检验后发现,在构成道路干扰指数的3个二级指数中,最近干扰(N)对最终指数的影响最为显著(0.99)。空间道路干扰指数是一个快速有效的定量化工具,便于森林经营管理者在景观尺度上评价道路干扰情况,迅速发现区域内道路干扰的高威胁地带,有目的性地对森林景观加以保护。

Expanding road interference on the surrounding landscape has become more evident. During forest landscape zoning, it takes full account of road interference in order to avoid unnecessary landscape fragmentation. In this study, road space disturbance index, which is a quantitative method was used to evaluate the potential impact of road on forest landscape. Taking the inventory data from Ming Dynasty Tombs Forest Farm as the main data source, the index was used and the spatial distribution of interference from local roads was discussed. Finally, the index was used in functional division of local forest management plan. The results showed that the road interference index used in this study reflected the interference condition in the study area. Furthermore, coniferous forest area was most seriously threated from potential interference （average normalized index was 41.87） ; the main dominant species of Pinus bungeana was potentially interferenced with the biggest threat （65.92） , which needed focus on monitoring attention; It was found that in Spearman rank correlation test, the nearest interference （N） impact on the final index was the most significant （0.99）. Overall, the index can provide a fast and efficient technical support theory in landscape protection.