基于ICMM评估法的中国采石业健康风险评估探索

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR CHINESE STONE QUARRYING BASED ON ICMM EVALUATION METHOD

采石企业的主要职业健康危害因素是粉尘和噪声,ICMM法是国际通用的评估化学因素、粉尘和物理因素等多种健康危害因素的风险评估方法。针对采石场工人职业健康风险缺乏评估方法的现状,对武穴市5家采石场的粉尘和噪声进行采样分析,并基于ICMM法提出相对应采石场工人的健康风险评价。结果表明:爆破区和破碎区的重点操作岗位接触的噪声强度及粉尘浓度超标率为100%;可能导致的噪声聋和尘肺风险值均超过400,为不可容忍风险水平。因此,建议从改进生产工艺、增加工程防护措施、职业健康管理措施三方面进行风险管理;ICMM评估结果与生产性粉尘作业分级的评估结果基本一致,表明ICMM法适用于我国采石业工人职业健康风险评估。

Dust and noise are the major factors affecting the occupational health of employees working in quarries. The ICMM method is a risk assessment method that has been widely used for evaluation of various factors affecting the occupational health, including chemicals, dust and physical factors. In this article, the dust and noise levels in five quarries in the Wuxue City, where thorough occupational health evaluations were absent, were investigated and the occupational health of employees working in these quarries was evaluated using the ICMM method. The results indicated that employees working in key positions of the explosion zone and the crushing zone were exposed to noise and dust that were 100% higher than maximum levels allowed. As a result, the risks of deaf and pneumoconiosis exceeded 400, which were considered as ＇unacceptable＇ Therefore, efforts should be made in production technique improvements, additional protection measures, and occupational health management for the purpose of risk management. Additionally, the results obtained using the ICMM method were consistent with results of occupational exposure to industrial dust at workplace, indicating that the ICMM method was suitable for occupational health evaluation of employees working in domestic quarries.