中央主导下的地方教育政策试验:行动逻辑、现实困境与优化策略

Local Educational Policy Experiments Led by Central Government:Action Logics, Realistic Predicament and Optimizing Strategies

综观改革开放以来中国经济社会发展的历史图景,以公共政策积极且稳妥变迁为标志的适应性治理在国家治理体系中的突出地位无可置疑,并在教育领域具体表现为以中央主导下的地方政策试验来推动相关改革的深入开展。理解中央主导下地方教育政策试验兴起与存续的根源,需要从历史与现实的宏观背景下把握政策试验发起及执行各方的特定行动逻辑,即地方试验逻辑何以成立,且中央主导逻辑何以必需。在肯定中央主导下地方教育政策试验积极作用的同时,也应看到近年来其与国家特定体制环境之间的矛盾已愈发明显。从制度改革入手,明确相应机构的职责权限,增强其工作效能,应是今后完善中央主导下地方教育政策试验的努力方向。

An comprehensive survey of the historical perspectives with respect to economic and social development since the reform and opening in China shows that the adaptive governance characterized by positive and secure public policy change possesses a incontestable prominent status in national governance system, and deepening the reform by means of central government-led local educational policy experiments is its embodiment in the educational field. It is necessary that particular action logics of policy experiments sponsors and executives be investigated to comprehend the origin of the emergence and development of central government-led local educational policy experiments from a macro background of history and reality. On one hand, why the local experiment logic is able to come into existence; on the other hand, why the government leading logic is inevitable. Although the positive function of central government-led local educational policy experiments must be affirmed, it is more and more obvious that some conflicts exist between educational policy experiments and specific national system environment in recent years. In the future, the main effort of optimizing central government-led local educational policy experiments should be defined as reforming relevant institutions to determine the responsibilities of corresponding organizations and strengthen their efficiencies.