HTLV与血液安全

HTLV and Blood Safety

人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV)是1种逆转录病毒,经输血传播是其主要传播方式之一,临床危害较大。预防经输血传播HTLV的有效方法是对血液做HTLV筛查。目前,一些发达国家已将HTLV检测列入血液筛查的常规检测项目。早在2000年,我国就有了东南沿海地区人群中HTLV感染的报道;近年来,在这一地区献血者中也检测出了HTLV。2015年,国家卫生计生委划拨专项经费在国内部分地区的无偿献血者中开展HTLV检测试点。就HTLV是否应列入我国的血液常规筛查项目以及如何列入,本文从HTLV在我国的流行情况、危害性、治疗的可及性、社会经济学及伦理等方面,对是否考虑将HTLV纳入我国的血液筛查,以及HTLV检测范围、献血模式、患者选择等关乎我国应如何开展HTLV血液筛查等问题作了评述。

Human T-lymphotropic virus （HTLV） is a retrovirus, whose main mode of transmission is through blood transfusion, clinical harm seriously. The effective method to prevent HTLV transmission by blood transfusion is to conduct HTLV blood screening. At present, part of Europe and the United States and Asian countries have been testing HTLV in blood screening routinely. As early as 2000, it was reported that there was HTLV prevalence in the population in the south- east coastal areas in China. In recent years, HTLV was discovered in blood donors. In 2015, the state administrative depart- ment of public health carried out special transfer funds to pilot testing on HTLV in unpaid blood donors. To investigate wheth- er HTLV should be included in the blood routine screening projects, this article will explore the HTLV epidemic in our coun- try, its harmfulness, the accessibility of treatment, socioeconomic status and ethics. Additionally, in order to review and con- sider whether HTLV should be included in blood screening, this article will also discuss the detection range, mode of blood donation, patient selection.