黑龙江赫哲族语言濒危现状评估及其教育对策

Endangered Status and Educational Strategies of Hezhe Language in Heilongjiang Province

从联合国教科文组织的语言活力评估指标体系来衡量,黑龙江街津口赫哲语在代际语言传承、语言使用者的绝对人数、语言使用者的相对人数、语言使用域的走向、语言对新语域和媒体的反应、语言教育和读写材料、语言态度评估、语言族群成员对母语的态度、语言记录材料的数量和质量九个方面都处于极度危险状态,定量评定赫哲语综合语言活力指标值为0.4973,处于"极度危险"等级。目前从语言记录材料、语言使用环境、语言课程建设、语言师资队伍建设四个方面提升赫哲语活力。

According to UNESCO assessment indicators system of language vitality, the language vitality of Hezhe is ＂extremely endangered＂. The quantitative assessment shows that the value of Hezhe language vitality is 0. 4973, which is measured from nine aspects, intergenerational language inheritance, the absolute number of language users, the relative number of language users, the development of language usage domain, language response to new register and media, language education and reading and writing materials, attitudes towards language, attitudes of Hezhe people towards their mother tongue, and the quantity and qualitity of language recording materials. Based on research findings, the paper proposed to enhance the vitality of Hezhe language with educational strategies from four aspects, the recording materials of language, the environment of language, the construction of language courses and the improvement of language teachers.