新入职护士一般自我效能感与焦虑抑郁状况调查及分析

General self-efficacy, anxiety and depression in novice nurses

目的调查新入职护士一般自我效能感及焦虑、抑郁水平。方法采用一般自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)对2016年新入职的200名新护士(含军人、聘用人员)进行调查。结果新入职护士一般自我效能感量表得分为(2.65±0.49)分,低于国内常模(P<0.01);焦虑自评量表得分为(39.95±8.31)分,抑郁自评量表得分为(42.17±11.23)分,均高于国内常模(P<0.01)。一般自我效能感得分:聘用新护士低于军人新护士,急诊科/监护室新护士低于其他科室新护士;焦虑、抑郁得分:聘用新护士高于军人新护士,大专学历新护士高于本科学历新护士,急诊科/监护室新护士高于其他科室新护士。一般自我效能感得分与焦虑、抑郁得分呈负相关。结论新入职护士心理压力高于一般人群,在规范化培训过程中应采取多种措施促进其自我效能感的提升,尤其是聘用、大专学历及急诊科/监护室新入职护士,缓解其焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,进而提升临床护理质量。

Objective To investigate general self-efficacy, anxiety and depression in novice nurses and analyze related factors. Methods A total of 200 novice nurses were investigated with general self-efficacy scale （GSES）, self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and self-rating depression scale （SDS）. Results The score of general self-efficacy was 2.65 ± 0.49, which was lower than the norm of Chinese people （P 〈 0.01）. The scores of anxiety and depression were 39.95 ± 8.31, 42.17 ± 11.23 respectively, which were higher than the norms of Chinese people （P 〈 0.01）. The level of general self-efficacy was related to personnel category and department; The level of anxiety and depression were associated with educational degree, personnel category and department. There was a negative correlation between the score of general self-efficacy and those of anxiety and depression. Conclusion The nursing managers should attach importance to the improvement of novice nurses＇ general self-efficacy, so as to improve the quality of clinical nursing.