不同酶处理对桂花浸膏及精油成分的影响

Effect of Different Enzymatic Treatments on Osmanthus Absolute Extract and the Components of Osmanthus Essential Oil

为提高桂花浸膏及精油的品质,改进浸膏及精油制备工艺提供依据,试验采用β葡萄糖苷酶-果胶酶、鼠李糖苷酶、β葡萄糖苷酶1和3对桂花进行处理。经石油醚提取和水蒸气蒸馏制备桂花浸膏及精油。通过GC-MS分析,复配酶效果优于单酶。与对照相比,浸膏中二氢芳樟醇、γ-癸内酯、β-二氢紫罗兰酮、β-紫罗兰酮、香叶醇和柠檬烯等主要香气物质的含量分别提高了27.27%、116.36%、247.06%、100.00%、72.84%以及14.29%,并检测出β-紫罗兰醇和橙花叔醇,邻苯二甲酸酯类含量下降56.84%。精油中芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮、β-二氢紫罗兰酮、β-紫罗兰醇、γ-癸内酯、香叶醇、紫苏醇和橙花醇含量提高156.33%、104.38%、121.54%、269.07%、156.52%、330.92%、257.47%和254.41%,邻苯二甲酸酯类下降40.08%。酶法处理可以增加桂花浸膏及精油中呈香化合物的数量,提高主要香气物质的含量,降低有害物质的含量,从而提高桂花浸膏及精油的品质。

To improve the qualities of Osmanthus absolute extract and essential oil, and provide a basis for optimizing the process of their preparation, Osmanthus samples were treated with β-glucosidase-pectinase, rhamnosidase, β-glucosidase 1, and β-glucosidase 3. Osmanthus absolute extract and essential oil were obtained by petroleum ether extraction and water vapor distillation, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） analysis showed that the performance of enzyme complexes was better than that of individual enzymes. Compared with the control, the content of dihydrolinalool, γ-decalactone, dihydro-β-ionone, β-ionone, geraniol, and limonene was increased by 27.27%, 116.36%, 247.06%, 100.00%, 72.84%, and 14.29%, respectively. Nerolidol and β-ionol were also detected, and the content of phthalate esters was reduced by 56.84% in the Osmanthus absolute. Additionally, the content of linalool, β-ionone, dihydro-β-ionone, β-ionol, γ-decalactone, geraniol, perillyl alcohol, and nerol in the essential oil was increased by 156.33%, 104.38%, 121.54%, 269.07%, 156.52%, 330.92%, 257.47%, and 254.41%, respectively, and the content of phthalate esters was reduced by 40.08%. Enzymatic treatment could increase the types of aroma compounds and the content of the main aroma components, and reduce the content of harmful substances in Osmanthus absolute and essential oil, thus improving their quality.