养老机构公建民营的挑战和对策——基于京、闽两地政策的比较分析

养老机构公建民营改革是当前养老社会化的重要举措,是我国养老体系建设的重要环节,也是政府与市场关系在养老领域的重新界定。文章以北京、福建两地养老机构公建民营实施方案为研究样本,分析两地不同的改革形式对现有政策的突破以及产生的新问题,并提出了相应的政策建议。文章认为政府在坚持公办养老机构公益性功能定位的同时,赋予运营方以定价权,但同时灵活使用租金,实现养老服务社会化与政府主导的有机结合,形成正向的政府与社会组织的"激励—约束"机制,推进养老机构和养老社会化的良性发展。政府最终改变相关政策法规,真正解决民非定位、市场定价、组织激励"不可能三角"三者之间的冲突和矛盾。

The reform of public-owned older-care institutions is an important step in the older care construction, and it is also a re-definition of the relationship between the government and the market in our country. This paper Compare Beijing city and Fujian province, analyzes the new problems of different reforms, and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions. The article holds that the government insists on the public welfare function of older-care institutions, but also release pricing, flexible use of rent, combination the socialization of old-age services and government-led, build the positive ＂Incentive-restraint＂ mechanism. The government eventually change the relevant policies and regulations, solute the ＂Impossible triangle＂ three conflicts and contradictions of NGO registering, market pricing, organizational incentives.