危险化学品事故预警和应急决策系统研究

Research on Early Warning and Emergency Decision System for Hazardous Chemical Emergency

危险化学品具有易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蚀的特性,一旦发生事故,可能导致巨大的人员伤亡、财产损失、和环境破坏。本文根据企业事故应急的需要,设计了危险化学品事故预警和应急决策系统。系统主要包括信息查询、事故预警、事故应急决策三部分。系统接收来自现场传感器的数据,并进行快速地分析和判断,一旦相关指标超过安全限值,即可以声、光、文字等多种形式进行预警。事故发生后,还可以根据事故类型和涉及的危险化学品种类,提供科学、有效的消防措施、应急处置措施和安全防护用品说明。通过应用此系统,可大大降低危险化学品生产、储存、使用等环节发生事故的可能性,并有效减少事故所导致的人员伤亡和财产损失。

Hazardous chemicals are usually flammable, explosive, toxic or corrosive. Once an accident due to hazardous chemicals occur, there may be large numbers of casualties, huge losses of property, and sever environmental damage. According to the needs of emergency response, an early warning and decision - making system is designed for hazardous chemical accidents. The system consists of three main parts ： information inquiry, accident warning and emergency decision. The system receives data from sensors installed on the work site, and then analyzes the data to make a quickly judgment. Once a parameter exceeds its safety limit, the system will give alarms in the form of sound, light, text and so on. If an accident does happen, the system will provide scientific and effective measures for fire fighting and emergency disposal, as well as suggestions for wearing protective equipment according to type of the accident and characteristics of hazardous chemicals involved. Through the application of this system, not only can the possibility of accidents in the production, storage, usage and other processes of hazardous chemicals, but also the casualties and property damages caused by these accidents be reduced significantly.