马利坦对弗洛伊德“无意识”理论的发展及其美学意义

Maritain's Development to Freud's Theory of Unconscious and Its Aesthetic Significance

弗洛伊德的"无意识"理论曾在西方和中国的美学和艺术理论界产生过较大影响,但由于其"无意识"理论的"欲望化"和"非理性"等倾向,其理论的阐释力受到严重制约。马利坦在重视弗洛伊德的"无意识"理论的同时,对其进行了改造、补充和发展,提出"精神的无意识"理论。这一补充,不仅弥补了弗洛伊德"无意识"理论中欲望和精神、理性和直觉、想象和认识的裂痕,赋予了诗和艺术以理性的根基,而且保留了诗和艺术直觉性的特点以及走向超越的可能,并较为成功地解释了诗和艺术领域内的灵感、直觉、认识等现象,对美学以及艺术理论的发展具有重要意义。

Freud＇ s theory of Unconscious has had great impact in the western countries＇ and Chinese acade- mia of Aesthetics and Art, but because of its libidinal and irrational propensity, the interpretative capacity of his theory is restricted.Maritain put a high value on Freud＇ s theory of Unconscious.Meanwhile he has supple- mented and developed Freud＇ s theory of Unconscious to Spiritual Unconscious. Maritain＇ s supplement not only bridges the gap between desire and spirit, reason and intuition, imagination and recognition, but also en- dows a rational foundation for poetry and Art.Maritain also reserves the intuitional characteristics and the tran- scendence likelihood of Poetry and Art. Due to his theory of Spiritual Unconscious, Maritain has successfully explained the phenomena such as inspiration, intuition, and recognition, which is of great significance to the development of Aesthetics and Art Theory.