西天山荒漠草原土壤盐分和组成分布研究

Soil Chemical Distribution and Composition in Desert Steppe at the Foot of West of Tianshan Mountain

本文通过设置样地采样调查来分析西天山脚下的荒漠草原土壤的盐分及其组成.本实验设计两个海拔梯度处理,分别为海拔1 501 m(海拔1)和海拔1 407 m(海拔2),每个海拔处理分别设置0 cm^10 cm,10 cm^20 cm和20 cm^50 cm三个不同的土壤深度进行采样,每个处理三次重复.试验结果显示西天山荒漠草原土壤的主要盐分组成为Na2SO4,Ca(HCO3)2,KHCO3,Mg(HCO3)2和Mg Cl2.两个海拔处理的结果均显示离子浓度在土壤底层20 cm^50 cm有最大浓度.相同深度的土壤层次间比较结果为海拔1的Cl-,SO42-,Na+和表层的K+均高于海拔2.本结果指出西天山荒漠草原土壤的化学离子在雨水充足的季节属于底聚性,并且有可能随着地下水及雨水的运动加重伊利河谷谷地的土壤盐分威胁.

A field experiement was conducted to illuminate the distribution and composition of soil chemi- cals in desert steppe at the foot of west of Tianshan Mountain. Two treatment were established at altitude of 1 510 m （1） and 1 407 m （2）. Each treatment was split into three layers of 0 cm -10 cm, 10 cm -20 cm, and 20 cm- 50 cm at vertical soil profile. The main composition were Na2SO4, Ca（HCO3 ）2, KHCO3, Mg （ HCO3 ） 2 and MgC12. Almost all of the ions showed highest content in the bottom of the layer at both altitudes. Compared to the same layer, the content of Cl^-, SO4^2- , Na^＋ and the top of layer of K ＋ in altitude 1 were higher than that of altitude 2. These results suggest that the soil chemicals in the desert steppe gather at the bottom of soil, which may get into the ground water and aggravate the salinization of Ili River Valley.