1960年代广州城市立体形态特征研究

Research on Characteristics of Guangzhou's 3-Dimensional Form in 1960s

本文以广州1960年代主城区位作为研究对象,通过构建道路走向、城市高度、建筑错落度等一系列量化指标,实现对城市建筑立体形态的刻画。结果表明:1960年代广州城市立体形态可分为三种类型:(1)中心商住密集层区。呈面状分布,集中在主城区的核心区,以住宅、商住区为主,建筑密度大,高度大部分在2-3层,道路以方正路网为主;(2)外围工业开敞低矮区。沿珠江两岸带状分布及散点分布于主城区外围,是当时广州工业集聚区,建筑密度小,建筑高度大部分为1层,道路走向较为自由;(3)外围混合开敞高层区呈组团状布局,是广州行政、科研教育、公共服务和中高档住宅集中区,建筑密度低,建筑高度是当时广州的高度组团,道路自由布局。

The present study endeavors to sketch Guangzhou's 3-dimensional structure in the 1960 s on the basis of its function partition, building height, and road direction. Results reveal that its urban buildings fell into three major categories at that time.(1) The downtown commercial and residential areas concentrated on the core of the city, and were distributed in planar manner. They were characterized by highly intensive 2-3-storey buildings, and roads were square-oriented.(2) Scattering externally were industrial zones in star-shape along both banks of the Pearl River, and most of them were no more than 3-meter high. Roads were wide and freely-oriented.(3) Further were the outskirts of the city, where medium-and high-end neighborhoods, occupied by governmental officials and professional practitioners like researchers, educational workers and so on, clustered less intensively, with their peak thrusting up. Roads were also wide and more freely-oriented than the second zone.