从张巡事件看国人的价值评价

Analysis of the People's Value Evaluation from Zhang Xun Event

张巡是唐朝安史之乱中的守城名将,其死后受唐名士及后世皇帝竞相推崇,而直接忽略其残杀弱妇的一面,明清皇帝更将张巡纳入国家祀典。在政府、文人士大夫、民间的合力推动下,张巡从普通的将领逐渐转变成了"有祷辄应"的神灵。但对张巡食人,不论在当时还是以后,也都不乏批评之声。本文试以不同历史时期、不同阶层对这一事件的评价进行梳理和评述,并分析张巡实际的功过和国人如此评价的原因。

As a famous defender in Anshi Rebellion of Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xun was praised highly by the celebrities in Tang Dynasty and the emperors of later ages after his death and the emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties even brought him into the national sacrificial rites with neglect of his slaughtering the weak women. Driven by the governments, the scholar-bureaucrats and the folk, Zhang Xun, an ordinary general, was gradually transformed into a god. But as a man-eater, he has been criticized all the time. This paper com- ments on the evaluations of this event made by different strata in different historical periods, and then analyzes his actual merits and demerits and the reasons for the people making such evaluations.