优质桔红心大白菜种质创新与新品种选育

Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding in Orange Leafy Head Chinese Cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

本试验利用分子育种手段开展了优质桔红心大白菜(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)种质创新与新品种选育研究。我们克隆了控制大白菜桔红心的关键基因BrCRTISO,分析了桔红心、白心大白菜之间BrCRTISO基因的结构差异。根据启动子和编码区序列的差异,筛选出了与桔红心紧密连锁的SNP和InDel分子标记。在传统有性杂交的基础上,利用上述SNP和InDel标记对后代分离群体进行辅助选择,筛选出了早熟、优质、抗病的桔红心优异纯系种质08428、08460、08468、08469自交不亲和系。利用上述4个纯系配置组合,选育出了早熟优质抗病的特色大白菜新品种"天正桔红65"、"天正桔红62"。连续多年(2010—2016)种植试验及抗病性鉴定的结果表明:这两个新品种抗病性强,适宜春秋种植,早熟(55~60天);叶球中小型,桔红色。其中"天正桔红65"β-胡萝卜素含量高达26.163 mg/g DW,是普通大白菜的11.15倍;可溶性固形物含量高,口感品质极佳。2014年,"天正桔红62"成为泰安市岱岳区地理标志性产品(商标注册号:13066669)。2015—2016年,两个品种通过了国家、省(市)农作物品种审定委员会的审定(鉴定)。本研究是利用分子育种手段快速培育优良大白菜新品种的成功范例,可为其它生物分子育种工作提供参考。

In this research, the molecular breeding was used to innovate germplasm and select new vari- eties in orange leafy head Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）. We cloned the candidate key gene BrCRTISO, which coded carotenoid isomerase controlling synthesis of orange pigments in leafy head. Differences in structure of BrCRTISO gene between orange and white leafy head Chinese cabbage were also an- alyzed, in which, one SNP（ C952 - T952） marker and one InDel marker Bror - intronl closely linked with orange leafy head were developed. New good pure self - incompatible lines of orange leafy head germplasm had been innovated by molecular marker assisted selection, of which, 08428, 08460, 08468 and 08469 were better than others. These four lines were applied to make cross combinations, from which, new orange leafy head va- rieties Tianzhengjuhong 65 and Tianzhengjuhong 62 were obtained. Planting and disease resistance tests for several years （2010 -2016） showed that these two new varieties had strong disease resistance, and their growth periods were short （55 - 60 days） , which were suitable for being cultivated in spring or autumn. The β - carotene content of Tianzhengjuhong 65 reached 26. 163 mg/gDW, 11.15 times of common Chinese cab- bage. In addition, the content of soluble solids was also higher than other Chinese cabbage varieties, which owned good taste. In 2014, Tianzhengjuhong 62 was approved to be Chinese National Protected Geographic Indication Product （No. 13066669 ） in Taian, China. In 2015, Tianzhengjuhong 65 was approved by both National and Beijing Crop Variety Approval Committee. Meanwhile, Tianzhengjuhong 62 was approved by Beijing Crop Variety Approval Committee. In 2016, Tianzhengjuhong 65 was approved by Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee. This paper would be useful to other plant molecular breeding because of our successful breeding work.