施用木本泥炭有机肥对梨相关品质指标的影响

Effects of Woody Peat Organic Fertilizers on Quality Indexes of Pear Fruits

以13年生黄金梨为试验材料,研究以木本泥炭类为原料配制的腐植酸钾、复合微生物肥及土壤调理剂等不同类型有机肥与堆肥配合基施对梨单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物含量及糖、酸含量和风味指数等品质指标的影响。结果表明,与单独施用堆肥相比,堆肥+木本泥炭、堆肥+腐植酸钾、堆肥+复合微生物肥和堆肥+土壤调理剂等处理对果实单果重与产量没有明显影响,但均提高了果实可溶性固形物含量;施用木本泥炭有机肥显著提高果实总糖和各糖分含量,且堆肥+腐植酸钾和堆肥+复合微生物肥处理效果最显著,但各处理对果实有机酸及各有机酸组分含量没有明显影响;施用木本泥炭有机肥显著提升果实风味,以堆肥+复合微生物肥处理果实风味指数最大。在本试验条件下,从果实可溶性固形物含量、糖与酸含量及风味方面综合考虑,黄金梨施用堆肥7.5 t/hm^2+复合微生物肥料3.9 t/hm^2效果最好。

Using 13 - year - old Hwangkumbae pear trees as materials, the effects of woody peat organic fertilizers （including woody peat, potassium humate, microbial organic fertilizer and soil conditioner） com- bined application with compost manure on single fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids, carbohydrate and organic acid content, and flavor index were investigated. Compared with the treatment of applying compost manure only, the treatments of compost manure ＋ woody peat, compost manure ＋ potassium humate, com- post manure ＋ microbial organic fertilizer and compost manure ＋ soil conditioner all had no significant effects on single fruit weight and yield, but improved the soluble solids content. The treatments of woody peat organic fertilizers significantly increased the contents of carbohydrate and each component, the treatments of compost manure ＋ potassium humate , compost manure ＋ microbial organic fertilizer acquired the highest content. All these treatments showed no obvious effects on of woody peat organic ferlitizer could enhance the organic acids and each component. Moreover, the treatments fruit flavor significantly, and the largest flavor index was observed under the treatment of compost manure ＋ microbial organic fertilizer. Considering from the fruit soluble solids, carbohydrate and acid content and flavor index in this experiment, applying compost manure 7.5 t/hm^2 ＋ microbial organic fertilizer 3.9 t/hm^2 was the optimal treatment for Hwangkumbae pear.