山东省盐碱地分布、改良利用现状与治理成效潜力分析

Analysis on Distribution,Utilization Status and Governance Effect of Saline-Alkali Soil in Shandong Province

对山东省11个地级市40个县的盐碱地分布面积以及利用现状进行全面系统的调查,结果显示,山东省盐碱地广泛分布,可分为滨海盐碱地和内陆盐碱地两种类型,总面积为5 926.73 km^2,主要集中分布在东营、滨州、潍坊和德州市。其中轻度盐碱地2 655.07 km^2,占44.80%,中度盐碱地1 718.13 km^2,占28.99%,而重度盐碱地面积达1 553.53 km^2,占26.21%。全省盐碱耕地3 863.80 km^2,盐碱荒地2 062.93 km^2,盐碱地利用率高达65.19%。除东营市河口区外,山东省各县市盐碱地改良利用率普遍较高,2000—2010年间山东省累计投入31.80亿元,治理改良盐碱地2 532.67 km^2,新增粮食生产能力132.39×10~4t。本研究还对山东省较成熟的盐碱改良模式以及治理过程中存在的问题进行了介绍与分析,可为今后盐碱地改良利用和农业可持续发展提供科学理论依据。

The distribution area and utilization status of saline - alkali soil were conducted systemic in- vestigation in 40 counties of 11 cities in Shandong Province. It turned out that saline - alkali soil was wide- spread in Shandong Province, which could be divided into coastal and inland saline -alkali soil. The total ar- ea was 5 926.73 km^2, and it was mainly distributed in Dongying, Binzhou, Weifang and Dezhou. The mild, moderate and severe saline - alkali soil area were 2 655.07, 1 718.13 km^2 and 1 553.53 km^2 accounting for 44.80% , 28.99% and 26.21% , respectively. The area of saline- alkali arable land and saline- alkali bar- ren land were 3 863.80 km^2 and 2 062.93 km^2 respectively, which indicated that the utilization rate of saline - alkali soil reached up to 65.19%. Except for Hekou Region in Dongying City, the utilization rate of saline - alkali soil in all cities of Shandong Province were generally higher. During 2000 -2010, 3 180 million yuan had been invested in Shandong Province to manage the saline -alkali soil, and it had added the improved saline - alkali land of 2 532.67 km^2 and the grain produetion capacity of 132.39 × 10^4 tons. In addition, we in- troduced the relatively effective model for improvement of saline - alkali soil and analyzed some problems in the process of improvement, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of saline - alkali soil and agricultural sustainable development.