从阿訇调解到能人调解:回族习惯法在纠纷调解中的“变”和“不变”

From Imam Mediation to Able Man Mediation: the Application of Customary Law in Dispute Mediation of Hui Ethnic Group

研究回族习惯法在实践运用中的变迁对于克服回族习惯法研究固有的理论瓶颈,构建回族聚居区多元纠纷解决机制及和谐稳定社会秩序具有重要的理论及实践意义。回族习惯法的具体适用集中体现在民间调解中。在民间调解中,调解居中人的权威以及纠纷当事双方对其信任程度是调解能否顺利有效进行的关键。本文从西北W市到华北D县两起典型民间纠纷调解案例所反映的解纷人角色、权威来源的变化,围绕解纷人深入分析纠纷调解实体及程序要素的变化,深刻分析回族习惯法在不同社会经济条件下的实践和运作,并针对此种变化做出相应的对策建议。

Making a study of the changes of Hui customary law in practice is of important theoretical and practical significance for overcoming the inherent theoretical bottlenecks in the research of Hui customary law, and constructing multiple dispute resolution mechanism to develop a harmonious and stable social order in Hui areas. The application of Hui customary law is mainly in dispute mediation, in which the authority of the mediator and the degree of trust of both parties for the mediator decide whether the mediation can be carried out in a smooth and effective way. Through a study of two typical cases of civil dispute mediation in W City of the Northwest and D County in North China which reflected the changes of the role of mediator and authority source, this paper makes a deep analysis of the changes of mediation entity and procedural elements, as well as the practice and operation of Hui customary law under different social and economic conditions, and then proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions based on the changes.