生命的双重观照——论柏格森美学的动态发展

On Dynamic Process of Bergson's Aesthetic

柏格森美学对西方现代文艺思想影响巨大。"关注生命"是柏格森生命哲学的核心,也是其美学思想的出发点。在柏格森哲学进程中,生命概念经历了从意识到物质再到记忆的概念重构,经历了从直觉到绵延再到道德的无形超越,既指形下的"生活",也指形上的"精神"。所以,"关注生命"意味着对生命的双重观照,一是艺术既要关注当下,借助智能反映现实生活;二是超越功利,凭借直觉去感知绵延实在。一如流动的生命,柏格森美学并非静态的既成物,而是历经了一个动态的发展过程:从生活到生命、从喜剧到艺术、从同情到直觉,从行动到道德,柏格森的美学图式与其哲学演变紧密相伴,形影相随,动态统一。

Bergson＇s aesthetic has been exerting an influence on modern western literary thoughts. ＂Attention to life＂ is not only the core of Bergson＇s philosophy, but also the starting point of his aesthetic thoughts. In the process of hisphiloso- phy, the concept of life has undergone a conceptual reconstruction from consciousness to material and memory, and has experienced an intangible transcendence from intuition to duration and moral with the meaning of social life and mental life. Therefore ＂attention to life＂ means a dual meditation： art not only reflecting real life with the reflection of intelligence, but also going beyond the utilitarian to face the reality. As life flowing, Bergson＇s aesthetic is not a complete stable but dy- namic process which developed from social life to mental life, from comedy to pure art, from sympathy to intuition, as well as from action to morals. The Bergson＇s aesthetic schema is closely related to his philosophical evolution.