中国古代学派史上的绝代奇峰——淮南王刘安与汉代“淮南学派”综论

Miracle of Ancient Chinese History of Schools——Reviews of Liu An and Huainan School in Han Dynasty

在汉代学术史上,以淮南王刘安为领袖、淮南宾客为组成的"淮南学派",是特色鲜明、成就突出的著名学术群体。"淮南学派"的产生发展经历了文、景、武时期酝酿形成、成熟发展、盛极而衰等三个阶段,其成因既有汉初以来黄老政治勃兴、诸侯王国学术文化繁荣、以及淮南国都寿春的人文地理优势等客观因素,也有淮南王刘安的家世背景、才识习尚的主观因素,是二者综合作用的历史产物。从《汉书·艺文志》着眼,"淮南学派"的著述成果几乎遍及汉代学术知识体系的所有领域,并且都取得较为突出的成就。与其同时代著名的吴、梁、楚、河间等藩国文化比较,刘安时期的淮南藩国文化,表现出十分显著的黄老道学化的历史内涵及特点,其历史存在对中国古代学术发展具有重要的价值意义。

Huainan School, composed of Liu An and his support staff, was famous academic school with distinct features and outstanding achievements in the academic history during Hun Dynasty. The development of Huainan School went through three stages ： the stage of formation in the period of Hun Wendi, the stage of prosperous development during the II period of Hun Jingdi and the stage of dechne right after flourish during the period of Hun Wudi. Both objective and subjec- tive factors contributed to the its formation and development. It was influenced by the flourish of Huanglao Politics and aca- demic culture, geographic and humanistic advantages of Shouchun, capital of Huainan State, as well as family back- ground, talent and learning of Liu An. As was known in Hanshu ： Art and Literature, academic works of Huainan School nearly covered all the fields of academic knowledge in Hun Dynasty and made great achievements. Compared with other fa- mous vassal state cuhure such as Wu, Liang, Chu and Hejian at that time, Huainan culture during the ruling of Liu An was characterized by Huanglao Taorsm, which was vital to academic development in ancient China.