毛泽东干部教育思想及其双重超越

Mao Zedong's Thought of Education on the Cadres and Its Double Transcendence

在直接经验与间接经验、矛盾普遍性与特殊性辩证关系原理的深刻滋养下,毛泽东的干部教育思想在其生动的干部教育实践活动中得以从多个维度积极生发和呈现。从毛泽东对干部教育的重要性、核心内容和主要方法的阐述与诠释中,充分彰显了其干部教育思想对大众教育模式与精英教育模式的双重超越:对大众教育模式的超越体现在,一方面基于对受教育者特殊性的认识,他认为教育不应止步于大众教育的水平和层次,另一方面基于对国情的认识,认为应先行集中优势资源使干部接受优质教育;对精英教育模式的超越表现为两个维度,一是其干部教育思想以群众史观为哲学根基,二是体现在教育目标上,使干部为人民服务。在对干部与群众关系的探索中,毛泽东试图以共产主义崇高理想重塑干部的内在品格与外在风貌,这种尝试是极为可敬的,他开辟了一条需要几代人走的艰辛道路。寻求毛泽东干部教育思想中的根本立场、方法与本真精神,有利于我们从方法论意义上进行返本开新,对当前社会主义建设与改革实践中的干群关系重构以及反腐倡廉建设的推进具有重要启迪意义。

Under the reflections of the principles of the dialectical relationship between direct and indirect experiences,and universality and particularity of contradictory,Mao Zedong's thought of education on the cadres developed and presented from multiple dimensions in the practice of education on cadres.Compared to public and elite education models,Mao Zedong's expositions of the significance,the core contents,and major methods of the education on cadres fully showed its double transcendence.To public education model,the transcendence embodied in two aspects.On the one hand,based on the understanding of the particularity of educatees,Mao Zedong thought that education should transcend the level of the public education.On the other hand,based on the understanding of national conditions,Mao Zedong thought that the cadres had priority to receive education by concentrating superior resources.To elite education model,the transcendence also embodied in two aspects.Firstly,this thought regarded the people's view of history as its philosophical foundation.Secondly,the aim of the education was to make cadres work for the people.Mao Zedong's thought of education on cadres has important significance to the reconstruction to the relationship between cadres and the masses,and the advance to anti-corruption construction in the current socialist construction and the practice of reform.