垓下楚歌考

On Chu Song in Gaixia

垓下楚歌,涉文史多项要事。应劭言此歌为《鸡鸣》歌,颜师古不以为然。东汉以后,史家多以应劭所说的《鸡鸣》歌为汉宫汝南籍值更卫士传唱之晨歌。笔者考证,应劭所言楚歌,确为《鸡鸣》歌,但非汝南卫士之歌,而是《宋书》所录《鸡鸣》。南朝以后,诗论多以此歌题意难明,"错简紊误"。事实上,此歌以史为本、以经为钥,非但不是舛乱无章,而且是一曲结构严整、层次分明、逻辑连贯的叙述楚国晚期信史之作品,是以能涣散垓下楚军士帅之心。

Chu Song in Gaixia battlefield involves many important academic issues of the history as well as literature.Ying Shao argued that this poetry was the kind of Jiming(crowing)songs.Yan Shigu opposed Ying Shao's viewpoint.After the Eastern Han Dynasty,the majority of historians believed the Jiming was the song crowing for morning in the royal palace by Ru'nan guards on duty.According to the author's research,Chu Song proposed by Ying Shao was the Jiming belong to Song Shu,while not the Ru'nan defender's songs.After the Southern dynasty,many scholars argued the meaning of the poetry was hard to understand.In the fact,this poetry was created based on the history.It composed about Chu in the last several decades.