2010-2014年鄂州市法定传染病疫情分析

Analysis on epidemic situation of notifiable communicable diseases in Ezhou in 2010-2014

目的了解鄂州市2010-2014年法定传染病的发病趋势和流行特征,为进一步采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2010-2014年全市法定传染病的疫情数据进行统计分析。结果2010-2014年共报告法定传染病26种,发病25 457例,死亡31例,年均发病率为489.77/10万,年均死亡率为0.60/10万,病死率为0.12%。4-7月和9月发病数较多,冬季和春夏末是发病的高峰,男性病例多于女性,男女比例为1.77︰1,各年龄段不同性别的发病差异有统计学意义(χ~2=225.527,P<0.001),发病以儿童和学生为主。发病居前五位的病中依次为手足口病、肺结核、乙肝、流行性腮腺炎和急性出血性结膜炎。结论加强流动人口结核病人管理和治疗,提高发现率和治愈率;提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率和加强输血、血制品的管理以及控制院内感染,重点保护学生和儿童群体;减少丙类传染病的传播,进一步提高疫情监测的报告率和灵敏度。

Objective To have a good understanding of the epidemic and incidence trend of notifiable infectious diseasesin Ezhou and provide scientific basis for taking further intervention. Methods Analyze the outbreak data of legalinfectious disease in the city in 2010-2014 by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results a total of 25457 casesof 26 notifiable infectious diseases and 31 death cases were reported from 2010 to 2014. An annual incidence of489.77/10, average annual mortality rate of 0.60/10, the case fatality rate of 0.12%. The case from April to July andSeptember was more than other monthes, the peak of the disease was in winter and spring and late summer. The numberof male patients were more than female patients ,the proportion between male and female was 1.77：1. All ages of differentgender The difference of all ages between male and female was statistically significant ^-225.527 ,P〈O.O01）, childrenand pupils were main group. The incidence of the successively top five diseases were： HFMD, pulmonary, viral hepatitis,mumps, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Conclusion We should strengthen the management and treatment oftuberculosis person in floating population, increase its discovery rate and cure rate ;increase the rate of adult hepatitisvaccination and strengthen the management of blood transfusion and blood product, and control nosocomial infection,especially fecus on the protection of students and children group ;reduce the spread of c class infectious diseases, toimprove the report rate and sensitivity of epidemic monitoring further.