仁用杏花果期有效抵御晚霜的方法研究

Effective methods of almond-apricot resisting late frost during flowering and fruiting periods

目前仁用杏生产中存在的最大问题是开花早,花期和幼果期易遭受晚霜、寒流的危害,引起冻花冻果现象的发生,导致减产甚至绝收。为了解决仁用杏生产上易受霜冻危害的问题,以仁用杏主栽品种‘优一’为试验材料,研究了喷施抗冻剂1,2-丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇+葡萄糖的混合液、金硅谷和灵护防冻液和水杨酸、施肥、柴堆熏烟处理对仁用杏抗抵御晚霜能力的影响情况,从中筛选出了能有效增强仁用杏抵御晚霜能力的处理方法。结果表明:在其盛果期的采果之后,每株施有机肥10~15 kg或者复合肥1.0~1.5 kg,不仅能促进仁用杏树势的生长,提高其来年的花果质量,而且能有效减轻晚霜的危害,使其在幼果期的冻果率减少50%左右;在霜冻来临之前,喷施2~3次20%~30%的1,2-丙二醇溶液与10%的葡萄糖溶液的混合液,可使其在花期或幼果期能抵抗5~8 h以上、-5℃以下的低温,能使其在幼果期的抗冻率提高80%以上,且对仁用杏花朵(花瓣、雌蕊、子房、雄蕊)和幼果均不会造成伤害,也不影响仁用杏的坐果率。试验结果表明,这两种方法操作简单,低成本,农民容易掌握,易于生产中大范围内推广。

Early flowering is the biggest problem in the production of almond-apricot, which makes the trees vulnerable to late frost and cold wave damaging, causes frozen flowers and fruits, and leads to reducing production and even no harvest, during flowering and young fruits periods. To solve this problem, effects of spraying antifreeze 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol and glucose, Jinguigu and Linghu antifreeze, salicylic acid, and fertilizing, and wood-smoking on resistance of almond-apricot to late frost were researched, using the main cultivar ＇Youyi＇ as materials. And then, the processing methods, which could effectively enhance resistance of almond-apricot to late frost, was selected out. The results indicated that, after harvesting during flowering period, applying 10-15 kg organic fertilizer or 1.0-1.5 kg compound fertilizer to each individual could promote the tree growth, improve quality of flower and fruit in next year, effectively reduce the late frost damaging, and reduce 50% of the frozen fruit rate during young fruit. Before frost coming, spraying the mixed antifreeze of 20%-30% 1,2-propylene glycol and 10% glucose by 2-3 times could make almond-apricot resistant low temperature under - 5 ℃ for more than 5-8 hours during flowering or young fruit period, and could increase more than 80% of the antifreeze rate of young fruits, without any damage to flowers and young fruits or impact on fruit setting rate. the two methods were easy to be widely generalized in production, due to easy mastery and low-cost.