不同土壤水分管理措施对油茶生长的影响

Effects of different soil moisture management measures on Camellia oleifera growth

为给油茶林地土壤水分管理和节水灌溉提供技术支撑,以6年生长林4号油茶林为试验材料,设置自然状况、干旱胁迫、干旱覆盖这3个处理措施,就不同土壤水分管理措施对油茶果实、花苞、叶片解剖结构的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:在自然状况、干旱胁迫、干旱覆盖这3种处理下,油茶果高、果径、花径、花高的生长量间均存在极显著差异;在自然状况及干旱覆盖处理下,油茶叶片各解剖结构参数与不同深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈弱相关;在干旱胁迫处理下,油茶叶片解剖结构中的下表皮及叶片总厚度与不同深度土壤含水率间均呈中度相关(0.5<r<0.8)。在自然状况下,不同深度土层的土壤含水率与油茶果径、花径、花高生长量间均呈弱相关,而与其果高生长量呈中度负相关(0.5<r<0.8);在干旱胁迫与干旱覆盖处理下,其花径、花高与4种深度的土壤含水率间均呈高度负相关(0.8<r<1.0);在干旱覆盖处理下,其果径与4种深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈中度负相关(0.5<r<0.8);在干旱胁迫处理下,其果高与4种深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈中度正相关(0.5<r<0.8)。

In order to provide some technical supports for soil moisture management and water saving irrigation of Camellia oleifera forest, effects of different soil moisture management measures on fruits, flower buds and leaf anatomical structure in C. oleifera were researched, and the three treatments included natural condition, drought stress and covering straw, using 6-year-old Changlin No.4 C. oleifera forest as test materials. The results showed that, increments of fruit height, fruit diameter, flower diameter, flower height had very significant differences among the three treatments of natural conditions, drought stress and coveting straw. Under natural condition and covering straw condition, the leaf anatomical structure was weakly correlated with soil moisture content at different depths. Under drought stress condition, lower epidermis and leaf thickness were moderately correlated （0.5 〈 r 〈 0.8） with soil moisture content at different depths. Under natural condition, soil moisture content at different depths was weakly correlated with increments of fruit diameter, flower diameter and flower height, but moderate negative correlated （0.5 ~ r 〈 0.8） with fruit height increment. Under drought stress and covering straw conditions, flower diameter and flower height were highly negative correlated （0.8 〈 r 〈 1.0） with soil moisture content. Under coveting straw condition, fruit diameter was moderate negative correlated （0.5 〈 r 〈 0.8） with soil moisture content at four depths. Under drought stress condition, fruit height was moderate positive correlated （0.5 〈 r 〈 0.8） with soil moisture content at four depths.