不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃种子萌芽及成苗的影响

Effects of different sowing media and covering methods on seed germination and seedling in Rhododendron simsii

为获得高效的杜鹃育苗方法,以杜鹃花‘紫鹤’和‘粉鹤’自交种子为试材,研究了不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃花种子萌发、成苗和实生苗形态建成的影响。研究结果表明:以未发酵的玉米秸秆粉末作为播种基质不能使杜鹃花种子发芽和形成实生苗;以园土与干苔藓混合物和园土与棉籽壳混合物作为播种基质仅有少量种子发芽,不利于实生苗的生长;以蛭石和蛭石与干苔藓混合物作为播种基质的杜鹃发芽率和成苗率分别可达到65.33%~81.33%和62.67%~78.67%,但不利于杜鹃花实生苗的形态建成;以草炭和草炭与干苔藓的混合物作为播种基质能显著促进杜鹃花种子的萌发和成苗形成,且杜鹃花实生苗生长发育健壮;覆盖处理则降低了杜鹃花种子的发芽率。

In order to obtain high efficient method of raising Rhododendron simsii, the self-pollinated seeds of R. simsii ＇Zihe＇ and ＇Fenhe＇ were taken as test materials, effects of different sowing media and mulching on germination, seedling and growth of R. simsii were researched. The results indicated that the media of unfermented maize straw power couldn＇t promote seeds germination and seedling growth of R. simsii. The mixture of garden soil and dry moss, and the mixture of garden soil and cottonseed hull as sown media were not good for seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, the frequencies of seed germination and seedling were 65.33%to 81.33%, and 62.67% to 78.67%, respectively, taking vermiculite and the mixture of vermiculite and dry moss as sown media, while they were to disadvantage of seedling establishment. In additionally, by using turf and the mixture of turf and dry moss as sown media was benefit to seeds germination, seedling and growth. At last, sown seeds by covering could reduce the germination ratio.