夏秋季节水肥调控综合措施对油茶促花保果效果的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer regulation measures on promoting flower and fruit retention in Camellia oleifera in summer and autumn

为了提高盛果期油茶林的产量,针对当前成林油茶落花落果率高而保花保果率低的问题,就不同的保墒、根外追施微肥与植物生长调节剂及冬季修剪等水肥调控综合技术措施对油茶保花保果效果的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:(1)采用覆草、根外追施0.1 g/L的尿素与100 mg/L的GA3的坐果率最高;修剪与保水措施对坐果率的影响较大。(2)对油茶成林4月与7月保果率的影响最大的分别为修剪强度与保水措施,追施0.1g/L的硼肥有利于提高油茶4月与7月的保果率。(3)滴灌、喷施0.10 g/L的硼肥与100 mg/L的GA3及轻度修剪后油茶花芽分化数量最高;植物生长调节剂对油茶7月花芽分化的影响最大。

In view of current high rate of flower and fruit dropping and low rate of flower and fruit retention in Camellia oleifera forest, in order to improve yield in C. oleifera forest at full bearing period, effects of comprehensive technical measures on promoting flower and fruit retention were researched, including soil moisture conservation, topdressing micro-fertilizer and plant growth regulators, and pruning in winter. The results showed that： （1） The fruit setting rate was the highest by using the measures of mulching straw, topdressing 0.1 g/L urea and 100 mg/L GA3, and pruning and water conservation measures had greater effect on fruit setting rate. （2） Pruning intensity and water conservation measures were the biggest impact factors on fruit retention rate in C. oleifera in April and July, and topdressing 0.1 g/L boric fertilizer could improve fruit retention rate of C. oleifera in April and July. （3） Number of differentiated flower bud was the largest after applying drip irrigation, spraying 0.10 g/L boric fertilizer and 100 mg/L GA3, and light pruning. Plant growth regulator had the greatest influences on flower bud differentiation in C. oleifera in July.